The Vicious Circle of Stasis, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a progressive disease of the lymphatic system arising from impaired lymphatic drainage, accumulation of interstitial fluid, and fibroadipose deposition. Secondary lymphedema resulting from cancer treatment is the most common form of the disease in developed countries, affecting 15% to 40% of patients with breast cancer after lymph node dissection. Despite recent advances in microsurgery, outcomes remain variable and, in some cases, inadequate. Thus, development of novel treatment strategies is an important goal. Research over the past decade suggests that lymphatic injury initiates a chronic inflammatory response that regulates the pathophysiology of lymphedema. T-cell inflammation plays a key role in this response. In this review, the authors highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphedema and discuss promising preclinical therapies.

Automated summary

Lymphedema is a progressive disease caused by impaired lymphatic drainage and accumulation of interstitial fluid. Secondary lymphedema resulting from cancer treatment is prevalent in developed countries. Recent research suggests that lymphatic injury triggers a chronic inflammatory response, with T-cell inflammation playing a key role. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphedema and potential preclinical therapies.