How to get rid of itching

Itch is an unpleasant sensation arising from a variety of dermatologic, neuropathic, systemic, and psychogenic etiologies. Various itch pathways are implicated according to the underlying etiology. A variety of pruritogens, or itch mediators, as well as receptors have been identified and provide potential therapeutic targets. Recent research has primarily focused on targeting inflammatory cytokines and Janus kinase signaling, protease-activated receptors, substance P and neurokinin, transient receptor potential-vanilloid ion channels, Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (MRGPRX2 and MRGPRX4), the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid balance, and phosphodiesterase 4. Periostin, a newly identified pruritogen, should be further explored with clinical trials. Drugs targeting neural sensitization including the gabergic system and P2X3 are other potential drugs for chronic itch. There is a need for more targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes and reduce side effects.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.

Automated summary

Itch can be caused by various factors, including skin diseases, neuropathy, systemic conditions, and psychogenic factors. The underlying etiologies involve different pathways, and there are identified itch mediators and receptors that present potential targets for therapy. Recent research has focused on targeting inflammatory cytokines, Janus kinase signaling, protease-activated receptors, substance P and neurokinin, transient receptor potential-vanilloid ion channels, Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (MRGPRX2 and MRGPRX4), the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid balance, and phosphodiesterase 4. Further exploration of periostin as a pruritogen through clinical trials is needed. Drugs targeting neural sensitization, such as the gabergic system and P2X3, may also be potential treatments for chronic itch. There is a need for more targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes and minimize side effects.