Journal
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Volume 243, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154349
Keywords
Breast cancer; Hypoxia-inducible factors; Hypoxia; Cancer stem cells; Cancer targeted therapy; Stemness maintenance
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Breast tumor is a heterogeneous cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. Despite efforts to reduce its implications, the number of newly diagnosed cases is increasing worldwide. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. These events are mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which regulates genes involved in CSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. In this review, the mechanisms by which hypoxia or chemotherapy-induced HIFs promote breast CSC specification are discussed.
Breast tumor is heterogeneous cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. Despite new efforts to reduce the breast cancer implications, the number of newly diagnosed cases is increasing worldwide. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the implication of cancers including breast cancer. Although CSCs compose a small population in tumor bulks, they play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. These events are mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway which regulates the transcription of genes involved in CSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms by which hypoxia-or chemotherapy-induced HIFs promote breast CSC specification.
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