Journal
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Volume 26, Issue 12, Pages 3323-3335Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00321
Keywords
epimerization; 4-methylpiperidine; racemization; side reaction; solid-phase peptide synthesis
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation (NRF)
- [120386]
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Cysteine is an important amino acid in therapeutic peptides, and solid-phase peptide synthesis is commonly used for peptide preparation. However, the synthesis of C-terminal Cys peptide acids leads to a side reaction that produces three side products. In this study, we conducted a thorough investigation using a specific resin to minimize this side reaction and identified the optimal conditions.
Cysteine (Cys) is a key amino acid in many therapeutic peptides. For research and industrial purposes, solid-phase peptide synthesis is the method of choice for the preparation of most peptides. The solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal Cys peptide acids is problematic because it is accompanied by a side reaction, namely, the abstraction of alpha-H from the Cys residue, which leads to the formation of three side products: the epimer and two N-piperidinyl-Ala epimer peptides. Here, we used a chlorotrityl chloride resin to conduct a rational and in-depth study of this side reaction. The following variables were examined: removal of the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group by different bases, the presence or absence of an acid rectifier for buffering the base, and thiol side-chain protection. In conclusion, the use of Fmoc-Cys protected with tetrahydropyran (Thp) and 4-methoxytrityl (Mmt) along with 30% 4-methylpiperidine in 0.5 M OxymaPure-DMF for Fmoc removal assures minimization of the side reaction, as demonstrated in a model peptide and confirmed for the elongation of somatostatin.
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