Journal
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 220, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109272
Keywords
Gut-brain axis; Depression; Ketamine; R-ketamine; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China
- Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team of Jiangsu Province
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- [82271254]
- [81974171]
- [81703482]
- [82101270]
- [JSSCTD202144]
- [BK20211382]
- [BK20210975]
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The discovery of the antidepressant actions of ketamine and its role in regulating the gut microbiome through the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a significant advancement in depression treatment. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear.
The discovery of the robust antidepressant actions of ketamine is regarded as one of the greatest advancements in depression treatment in the past 60 years. Recent findings have provided strong evidence for the presence of bidirectional communication networks between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain in depression. Moreover, increasing evidence supports the antidepressant role of ketamine in regulating the gut microbiome and microbiota-derived molecules; however, the mechanisms underpinning such effects are still ambiguous. This review summarizes the current understanding of the anti-depressant mechanisms of ketamine and its metabolites regarding the bidirectional regulation by microbiota-gut-brain axis. We review the relationship between gut microbiota and the antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine, and discuss the role of stress response, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-mediated neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory effect and neurotransmitters.
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