Journal
NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
Volume 133, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2022.102749
Keywords
Magnetic dipole model; Magnetic flux leakage; Temperature; J -A model; Thermal stress; Magnetomechanics
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Assessing the direct effect of temperature on magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal is complicated due to nonlinear coupling. However, temperature-dependent magnetic dipole models have been proposed to model this effect. The models have been validated by experiments on a non-oriented grain silicon steel specimen and show good agreement with the experimental results. They can be used as effective tools to understand the influences of temperature and thermal stress on MFL signals and accurately size defects when temperature is involved.
Due to the nonlinear coupling, assessing the direct effect of temperature on magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal is a complicated task. If temperature induces inner stress, it makes the problem doubly difficult, so few models are available for predicting the MFL signal under this condition. To model the effect of temperature on MFL signal, the temperature-dependent magnetic dipole models are proposed. In the first case, where the direct thermal effect is involved only, the dipole model is improved via the modified temperature-dependent Jiles-Atherton (J-A) model. While in the second case, where the combined effects of temperature and thermal stress are consid-ered, the magnetomechanical J-A parameters are further introduced into the dipole model. The thermal stress distribution around a cylindrical through-hole defect is solved by thermoelastic and solid mechanics theories. The magnetomechanical theory is employed to analyse the stress-dependent magnetisation distribution, the key parameter in the magnetic dipole model. The verified experiments are conducted on an M250-50A non-oriented grain (NO) silicon steel specimen with a cylindrical through-hole defect. And the MFL signals predicted by both proposed models agree with the experimental results. When the direct effect of temperature is involved only, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the MFL signal (MFLpp) presents approximately linear dependence on temperature in the range from -40 degrees C to 60 degrees C. In addition, when both temperature and thermal stress are considered, the MFLpp changes as a parabolic function of temperature, this being much more significant than the direct effect. The proposed models can act as effective tools to understand the temperature and thermal stress influences on MFL signals. They are also appropriate to solve the inverse problem of sizing the defects accurately when the tem-perature is involved.
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