Journal
NATURE
Volume 614, Issue 7947, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05640-x
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Flowering plants have developed self-incompatibility and interspecific barriers to prevent the production of unfavorable offspring. Self-incompatibility is achieved by the interaction between S-Locus proteins and S-Locus receptor kinases to reject self-pollen, while interspecific barriers follow the rule of unilateral incompatibility on self-incompatible pistils and unilateral compatibility on self-compatible pistils. In Brassicaceae, S-Locus proteins and S-Locus receptor kinases activate FER-mediated reactive oxygen species production to reject incompatible pollen, while diverged pollen coat proteins trigger nitric oxide to facilitate pollen growth in a preferential manner, maintaining species integrity.
Flowering plants have evolved numerous intraspecific and interspecific prezygotic reproductive barriers to prevent production of unfavourable offspring(1). Within a species, self-incompatibility (SI) is a widely utilized mechanism that rejects self-pollen(2,3) to avoid inbreeding depression. Interspecific barriers restrain breeding between species and often follow the SI x self-compatible (SC) rule, that is, interspecific pollen is unilaterally incompatible (UI) on SI pistils but unilaterally compatible (UC) on SC pistils(1,4-6). The molecular mechanisms underlying SI, UI, SC and UC and their interconnections in the Brassicaceae remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the SI pollen determinant S-locus cysteine-rich protein/S-locus protein 11 (SCR/SP11)(2,3) or a signal from UI pollen binds to the SI female determinant S-locus receptor kinase (SRK)(2,3), recruits FERONIA (FER)(7-9) and activates FER-mediated reactive oxygen species production in SI stigmas(10,11) to reject incompatible pollen. For compatible responses, diverged pollen coat protein B-class(12-14) from SC and UC pollen differentially trigger nitric oxide, nitrosate FER to suppress reactive oxygen species in SC stigmas to facilitate pollen growth in an intraspecies-preferential manner, maintaining species integrity. Our results show that SRK and FER integrate mechanisms underlying intraspecific and interspecific barriers and offer paths to achieve distant breeding in Brassicaceae crops.
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