A new test of dynamical dark energy models and cosmic tensions in Hoava gravity

Hoava gravity has been proposed as a renormalizable, higher derivative, Lorentz-violating quantum gravity model without ghost problems. A Hoava gravity-based dark energy (HDE) model for dynamical dark energy has also been proposed earlier by identifying all the extra (gravitational) contributions from the Lorentz-violating terms as an effective energy-momentum tensor in Einstein equation. We consider a complete cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), and supernova Ia data test of the HDE model by considering general perturbations over the background perfect HDE fluid. Except from BAO, we obtain the preference of non-flat universes for all other data set combinations. We obtain a positive result on the cosmic tensions between the Hubble constant H-0 and the cosmic shear S-8, because we have a shift of H-0 towards a higher value, though not enough for resolving the H-0 tension, but the value of S-8 is unaltered. This is in contrast to a rather decreasing H-0 but increasing S-8 in a non-flat Lambda cold dark matter (LCDM). For all other parameters, like Omega(m) and Omega(Lambda), we obtain quite comparable results with those of LCDM for all data sets, especially with BAO, so that our results are close to a cosmic concordance between the data sets, contrary to the standard non-flat LCDM. We also obtain some undesirable features, like an almost null result on Omega(k), which gives back the flat LCDM, if we do not predetermine the sign of Omega(k), but we propose several promising ways for improvements by generalizing our analysis.

Automated summary

This study proposes a renormalizable, higher derivative, Lorentz-violating quantum gravity model without ghost problems known as Hoava gravity. Furthermore, a Hoava gravity-based dark energy (HDE) model is proposed by identifying the additional contributions from Lorentz-violating terms as an effective energy-momentum tensor in Einstein equation. The results show a preference for non-flat universes in the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillation, and supernova Ia data tests, aligning with the cosmic concordance model.