Dynamical environments of (486958) Arrokoth: prior evolution and present state

We consider dynamical environments of (486958) Arrokoth, focusing on both their present state and their long-term evolution, starting from the KBO's formation. Both analytical (based on an upgraded Kepler-map formalism) and numerical (based on massive simulations and construction of stability diagrams in the 3D setting of the problem) approaches to the problem are used. The debris removal is due to either absorption by the KBO or by leaving the Hill sphere; the interplay of these processes is considered. The clearing mechanisms are explored, and the debris removal time-scales are estimated. We assess survival opportunities for any debris orbiting around Arrokoth. The generic chaotization of Arrokoth's circumbinary debris disc's inner zone and generic cloudization of the disc's periphery, which is shown to be essential in the general 3D case, naturally explains the current absence of any debris in its vicinities.

Automated summary

This study examines the dynamical environments of (486958) Arrokoth, including its present state and long-term evolution from the formation of the Kuiper Belt Object (KBO). Both analytical and numerical approaches are used to explore debris removal mechanisms and estimate removal time-scales. The study also assesses the survival opportunities for debris orbiting around Arrokoth, providing an explanation for the absence of debris in its vicinity.