Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 28, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031491
Keywords
human milk oligosaccharides; synthetic biology; metabolic engineering
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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars in human milk that have various beneficial properties. The limited availability of HMOs has led to efforts in developing industrial-scale production platforms using microbial systems, particularly Escherichia coli. This review summarizes the progress in microbial production of HMOs, focusing on five approved HMOs for commercialization.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex nonnutritive sugars present in human milk. These sugars possess prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and antagonistic properties towards pathogens and therefore are important for the health and well-being of newborn babies. Lower prevalence of breastfeeding around the globe, rising popularity of nutraceuticals, and low availability of HMOs have inspired efforts to develop economically feasible and efficient industrial-scale production platforms for HMOs. Recent progress in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools has enabled microbial systems to be a production system of HMOs. In this regard, the model organism Escherichia coli has emerged as the preferred production platform. Herein, we summarize the remarkable progress in the microbial production of HMOs and discuss the challenges and future opportunities in unraveling the scope of production of complex HMOs. We focus on the microbial production of five HMOs that have been approved for their commercialization.
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