4.6 Article

Visual and Physical Degradation of the Black and White Mosaic of a Roman Domus under Palazzo Valentini in Rome: A Preliminary Study

Journal

MOLECULES
Volume 27, Issue 22, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227765

Keywords

Roman domus; mosaic restoration; multi-method diagnostic; NMR; FT-IR; GC-MS

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Palazzo Valentini, the headquarters of Citta Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, is located in a significant position in the Roman archaeological and urban contexts. One of the aristocratic buildings on the site, domus A, has a deteriorating mosaic floor, the causes of which were investigated through various analyses. The findings contribute to a better understanding of Roman mosaic construction, conservation issues, and appropriate solutions.
Palazzo Valentini, the institutional head office of Citta Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, stands in in a crucial position in the Roman archaeological and urban contexts, exactly between the Fora valley, Quirinal Hill slopes, and Campus Martius. It stands on a second-century A.D. complex to which belong, between other archeological remains, two richly decorated aristocratic domus. One of these buildings, the domus A, presents an outward porticoed room with a fourth-century AD central impluvium (open air part of the atrium designed to carry away rainwater) with a black/white tiled mosaic pavement, the preservation status of which is compromised by an incoherent degradation product that has caused gradual detachment of the mosaic tiles. To identify the product and determine the causes of degradation, samples of the product were taken and subjected to SEM-EDS, XRF, NMR, FT-IR and GC-MS analyses. The findings reported in this study can help restorers, archaeologists and conservation scientists in order to improve knowledge about the Roman mosaic, its construction phases, conservation problems and proper solutions.

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