GLP-1R Signaling and Functional Molecules in Incretin Therapy

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a critical therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The GLP-1R cellular signaling mechanism relevant to insulin secretion and blood glucose regulation has been extensively studied. Numerous drugs targeting GLP-1R have entered clinical treatment. However, novel functional molecules with reduced side effects and enhanced therapeutic efficacy are still in high demand. In this review, we summarize the basis of GLP-1R cellular signaling, and how it is involved in the treatment of T2DM. We review the functional molecules of incretin therapy in various stages of clinical trials. We also outline the current strategies and emerging techniques that are furthering the development of novel therapeutic drugs for T2DM and other metabolic diseases.

Automated summary

The GLP-1R cellular signaling mechanism in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively studied. However, there is still a need for functional molecules with reduced side effects and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the cellular signaling of GLP-1R and its involvement in T2DM treatment, and outlines the development of novel therapeutic drugs for T2DM and other metabolic diseases through incretin therapy.