Journal
CELL
Volume 160, Issue 4, Pages 631-643Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.040
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-AI091707, U54-AI057158]
- MRC [MC_U117597139, G0801822, MR/K024752/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U117597139, MR/K024752/1, G0801822] Funding Source: researchfish
- The Francis Crick Institute [10206] Funding Source: researchfish
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Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) act in concert to provide a tight barrier against viruses. Recent studies have shed light on the contribution of individual ISG effectors to the antiviral state, but most have examined those acting on early, intracellular stages of the viral life cycle. Here, we applied an image-based screen to identify ISGs inhibiting late stages of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We unraveled a directly antiviral function for the gene SERPINE1, encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). By targeting extracellular airway proteases, PAI-1 inhibits IAV glycoprotein cleavage, thereby reducing infectivity of progeny viruses. This was biologically relevant for IAV restriction in vivo. Further, partial PAI-1 deficiency, attributable to a polymorphism in human SERPINE1, conferred increased susceptibility to IAV in vitro. Together, our findings reveal that manipulating the extracellular environment to inhibit the last step in a virus life cycle is an important mechanism of the antiviral response.
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