Journal
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
Volume 165, Issue -, Pages 232-239Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.034
Keywords
Ginsenoside Rg2; UV-B radiation; Reactive oxygen species; Glutathione; Superoxide dismutase
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Trade, Industry Energy (MOTIE)
- Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Encouragement Program for the Industries of Economic Cooperation Region [R0005382]
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [R0005382] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Ginseng, referring to the dried roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, has been known as a famous traditional folkloric medicine in East Asian countries for a long time. In recent years, it has been gaining a worldwide popularity as a dietary herbal supplement. Ginsenosides are bioactive ingredients that are responsible for most pharmacological efficacies of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2), one of minor protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides, exists in two epimeric forms, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2 [20(S)-Rg2] and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg2 [20(R)-Rg2]. This work was undertaken to assess and compare their skin anti-photoaging properties. When they were applied to HaCaT keratinocytes prior to the irradiation, 20(S)-Rg2 only could attenuate the UV-B-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, which were detected using three fluorescent ROS dyes, such as 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, dihydroethidium and dihydrorhodamine 123. 20(S)-Rg2 but not 20(R)Rg2 significantly attenuated the UV-B-induced promatrix metalloproteinase-2 (proMMP-2) gelatinolytic activity and protein levels. Likewise, 20(S)-Rg2 only augmented the UV-B-reduced total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither of the two Rg2 epimers was cytotoxic to HaCaT keratinocytes, regardless of UV-B irradiation. Taken together, of the two Rg2 epimers, 20(S)-Rg2 only possesses the stereospecific protective properties against the UV-B-induced skin photoaging in HaCaT keratinocytes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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