Journal
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
Volume 164, Issue -, Pages 1-12Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.008
Keywords
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation; Methylene blue derivatives; Photoantimicrobial; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium moniliforme; Fusarium solani
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Funding
- State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2015/05853-7, 2012/15204-8]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [162149/2015-8]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [12/15204-8] Funding Source: FAPESP
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The search for alternatives to control microorganisms is necessary both in clinical and agricultural areas. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) is a promising light-based approach that can be used to control both human and plant pathogenic fungi. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of photodynamic treatment with red light and four phenothiazinium photosensitizers (PS): methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TBO), new methylene blue N (NMBN) and the phenothiazinium derivative 5137 on ungerminated and germinated microconidia of Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, and F. solani. APDT with each PS killed efficiently both the quiescent ungerminated microconidia and metabolically active germinated microconidia of the three Fusarium species. Washing away the unbound PS from the microconidia (both ungerminated and germinated) before red light exposure reduced but did not prevent the effect of APDT. Subcelullar localization of PS in ungerminated and germinated microconidia and the effects of photodynamic treatment on cell membranes were also evaluated in the three Fusarium species. APDT with MB, TBO, NMBN or 5137 increased the membrane permeability in microconidia and APDT with NMBN or 5137 increased the lipids peroxidation in microconidia of the three Fusarium species. These findings expand the understanding of photodynamic inactivation of filamentous fungi with phenothiazinium PS. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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