Detoxification and effects of the UV filter Benzophenone-3 in the digestive gland and hemocytes of yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides) under a perspective of global warming scenario

In this study, evaluated the combined effects of exposure to Benzophenone-3 (BP3), at an environmentally relevant concentration, with temperature increasing in the marine bivalve Amarilladesma mactroides. The BP3 (0.56 mu g/L) at 20 degrees C increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the digestive glands of clams, without causing significant effect on lipid peroxidation (LPO). However, at high temperature (24 degrees C), BP3 suppressed antioxidant defenses, mainly glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lead to a rise in LPO in the digestive gland, however this condition increased hemocyte viability. The Integrated Biological Responses (IBR) approach shows that temperature influences BP3 effects, as the highest score was observed for animals exposed to 0.56 mu g/ L of BP3 at 20 degrees C (9.35), while the lowest was observed BP3 group at 24 degrees C (1.02). These results draw attention to the harmful effects of BP3 on bivalves, especially in a scenario of thermal stress.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the combined effects of exposure to environmentally relevant concentration of Benzophenone-3 (BP3) and increasing temperature on marine bivalves. The results showed that at 20℃, BP3 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the clams' digestive glands, without significant effect on lipid peroxidation (LPO). However, at 24℃, BP3 suppressed antioxidant defenses and increased LPO in the digestive gland. The Integrated Biological Responses (IBR) approach indicated that temperature influenced the effects of BP3, with the highest score observed for animals exposed to BP3 at 20℃ and the lowest score observed for the BP3 group at 24℃. These findings highlight the harmful effects of BP3 on bivalves, especially under thermal stress.