Recent Development of Brain Organoids for Biomedical Application

Over the years, scientists have studied the behavior and anatomy of many animals to understand the own species. However, despite the continuous efforts, it is often difficult to know for certain how the brain works due to the differences between the brains of animals and the human brain. While the use of animal models for research continues, the origin of human cognition and neurological disorders needs further elucidation. To that end, in vitro organoids that exhibit in vivo characteristics of the human brain have been recently developed. These brain-like organoids enable researchers to dive deeper into understanding the human brain, its neurological structures, and the causes of neurological pathologies. This paper reviews the recent developments in the regeneration of brain-like organoids using Matrigel and other alternatives. Further, gel-free methods that may enhance the regeneration process of organoids are discussed. Finally, the vascularized brain organoid growth and development in both in vitro and in vivo conditions are detailed.

Automated summary

Scientists have been studying the behavior and anatomy of various animals to gain insights into the human brain. However, due to the differences between animal and human brains, understanding how the brain works has remained challenging. Recently, brain-like organoids that mimic the characteristics of the human brain have been developed, which allows researchers to delve deeper into understanding the neurological structures and causes of brain diseases. This paper reviews the latest advancements in generating brain-like organoids using Matrigel and other alternatives, discusses gel-free methods to enhance organoid regeneration, and details the growth and development of vascularized brain organoids in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.