Journal
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Volume 105, Issue 7, Pages 2231-2239Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.04.025
Keywords
drug interactions; in vitro/in vivo correlations; pharmacokinetics; protein binding; transporters; CYP enzymes; hepatocytes; organic anion-transporting polypeptide; transporters; multidrug resistance transporters; solute transporters
Funding
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16K18934, 16K08266] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Quantitative assessment of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is one of the major focuses in drug development. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate in vitro-in vivo discrepancy of DDI potential for prototypical organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) using rats. Plasma concentration of pravastatin, prototypical Oatp substrate, after oral administration was increased by CsA intravenously administered at 1 d before the pravastatin administration. The ratio of the area under the curve of pravastatin to the control was much higher than the R-values calculated using the plasma unbound concentrations of CsA and the inhibition constant (K-i) assessed in isolated hepatocytes, indicating in vitro-in vivo discrepancy. This interaction with pravastatin persisted for 3 d after CsA administration, demonstrating long-lasting inhibition in vivo. The K-i value for unbound CsA in the presence of serum was comparable with that in its absence. M1, the major metabolite of CsA inhibited pravastatin uptake at much higher concentration compared with its plasma unbound concentration. Thus, the DDI potential of CsA-mediated hepatic Oatp inhibition cannot be extrapolated from in vitro data, and this could be due to the long-lasting Oatp inhibition by CsA, but not the effect of plasma protein or metabolites. (C) 2016 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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