Journal
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Volume 105, Issue 2, Pages 925-934Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.036
Keywords
active transport; absorption potential; Caco-2 cells; cell culture; membrane transport and transporters; permeability; peptide transporters; prodrugs
Funding
- NIH [NIGMD-2R01GM037188]
- International Postdoctoral Scholarship Program from TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) [2219]
- Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey
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The goal of this study was to improve the intestinal mucosal cell membrane permeability of the poorly absorbed guanidino analogue of a neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir carboxylate (GOC) using a carrier-mediated strategy. Valyl amino acid prodrug of GOC with isopropyl-methylene-dioxy linker (GOC-ISP-Val) was evaluated as the potential substrate for intestinal oligopeptide transporter, hPEPT1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes heterologously expressing hPEPT1, and an intestinal mouse perfusion system. The diastereomers of GOC-ISP-Val were assessed for chemical and metabolic stability. Permeability of GOC-ISP-Val was determined in Caco-2 cells and mice. Diastereomer 2 was about 2 times more stable than diastereomer 1 in simulated intestinal fluid and rapidly hydrolyzed to the parent drug in cell homogenates. The prodrug had a 9 times-enhanced apparent permeability (P-app) in Caco-2 cells compared with the parent drug. Both diastereomer exhibited high effective permeability (P-eff) in mice, 6.32 +/- 3.12 and 5.20 +/- 2.81 x 10(-5) cm/s for diastereomer 1 and 2, respectively. GOC-ISP-Val was found to be a substrate of hPEPT1. Overall, this study indicates that the prodrug, GOC-ISP-Val, seems to be a promising oral anti-influenza agent that has sufficient stability at physiologically relevant pHs before absorption, significantly improved permeability via hPEPT1 and potentially rapid activation in the intestinal cells. (C) 2016 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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