Bio-inspired dopamine-functionalized silica nanoparticles via self-polymerization to simultaneously enhance thermal stability, fire safety and dynamic mechanical properties of PFRP composites

Silica nanoparticles were reported that can improve the fire safety and mechanical properties of polymers simultaneously due to excellent rigidity and physical barrier effect. However, its efficiency was limited by the agglomeration in polymers due to their high specific surface energy. Silica@ polydopamine (SiO2@PDA) was prepared by a facile self-polymerization method to comprehensively improve fire safety, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of plant fiber-reinforced polymer (PFRP) composites. The results of micro-morphology confirmed that the SiO2@PDA nanoparticles exhibit better dispersion state in epoxy matrix. The introduction of SiO2@PDA further increased the thermal decomposition temperature and the yield of graphitized char residue of PFRP composites compared to pure silica nanoparticles. And the fire safety of composites including limiting oxygen index, heat parameters, smoke parameters and mass loss rate was improved effectively. Particularly, the time to ignition of composites was delayed by 30 s, which was beneficial for individuality escape and rescue. Meanwhile, the improvement of storage modulus suggested the SiO2@PDA enhanced the mechanical properties of the PFRP composites. And it was proved that PDA can improve the graphitization degree of char layer and release inert gas including NH3 and CO2 during combustion. The effectiveness of non-toxic PDA in enhancing the quality of char layer and optimizing the interface to improve the dispersion state of nanoparticles appeared promising potential in the field of manufacturing fire-safe polymer-matrix composites.

Automated summary

Silica@polydopamine (SiO2@PDA) nanoparticles were prepared to comprehensively improve the fire safety, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of plant fiber-reinforced polymer (PFRP) composites. SiO2@PDA nanoparticles exhibited better dispersion state in the epoxy matrix, increased thermal decomposition temperature and graphitized char residue yield, improved fire safety parameters, and enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites.