Exotic Reaction Dynamics in the Gas-Phase Preparation of Anthracene (C14H10) via Spiroaromatic Radical Transients in the Indenyl-Cyclopentadienyl Radical-Radical Reaction

The gas-phase reaction between the 1-indenyl (C9H7 center dot) radical and the cyclopentadienyl (C5H5 center dot) radical has been investigated for the first time using synchrotron-based mass spectrometry coupled with a pyrolytic reactor. Soft photoionization with tunable vacuum ultraviolet photons afforded for the isomer selective identification of the production of phenanthrene, anthracene, and benzofulvalene (C14H10). The classical theory prevalent in the literature proposing that radicals combine only at their specific radical centers is challenged by our discovery of an unusual reaction pathway that involves a barrierless combination of a resonantly stabilized hydrocarbon radical with an aromatic radical at the carbon atom adjacent to the traditional C1 radical center; this unconventional addition is followed by substantial isomerization into phenanthrene and anthracene via a category of exotic spiroaromatic intermediates. This result leads to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the cosmic carbon budget and provides new methodologies for the bottom-up synthesis of unique spiroaromatics that may be relevant for the synthesis of more complex aromatic carbon skeletons in deep space.

Automated summary

The gas-phase reaction between the 1-indenyl radical and the cyclopentadienyl radical was studied using synchrotron-based mass spectrometry coupled with a pyrolytic reactor. The isomer selective production of phenanthrene, anthracene, and benzofulvalene was identified through soft photoionization with tunable vacuum ultraviolet photons. Our findings challenge the classical theory regarding the combination of radicals and provide insight into the evolution of the cosmic carbon budget.