Journal
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
Volume 32, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13832
Keywords
fatigue management; keto-adaptation; ketosis; psychomotor vigilance task; randomised controlled trial; sleep deprivation
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Extended wakefulness impairs cognitive performance and brain glucose metabolism. A ketogenic diet, providing ketone bodies as an alternative fuel source, improves cognitive performance, mood, and sleepiness during extended wakefulness compared with a carbohydrate-based diet.
Extended wakefulness, or sleep deprivation, impairs cognitive performance and brain glucose metabolism. A ketogenic diet (KD) provides an alternative fuel source, ketone bodies, that could elicit a metabolic benefit during sleep deprivation. A randomised, cross-over trial was conducted with seven male military personnel. Participants ingested an iso-energetic ketogenic diet or carbohydrate-based diet for 14 days, immediately followed by 36 h of extended wakefulness and separated by a 12 day washout. Cognitive performance, mood, subjective sleepiness, capillary blood glucose, and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were measured every 2 h during extended wakefulness. Linear mixed models were used to analyse data. D-beta-hydroxybutyrate was higher (p < 0.001) and glucose was lower (p < 0.01) on the KD compared with the carbohydrate-based diet. The KD improved psychomotor vigilance task performance (number of lapses, mean reciprocal response time, mean fastest 10% response time (RT), and mean slowest 10% RT; all p < 0.05), running memory continuous performance test performance (RT and number of correct responses per minute; both p < 0.01), and vigour, fatigue, and sleepiness (all, p <= 0.001) compared with the carbohydrate-based diet. In conclusion, a KD demonstrated beneficial effects on cognitive performance, mood, and sleepiness during 36 h of extended wakefulness compared with a carbohydrate-based diet.
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