Magnetic solid-phase extraction of warfarin and gemfibrozil in biological samples using polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles via core-shell nanostructure

Herein, polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 spheres were synthesized using a very simple, easy, cost-effective, efficient, and fast method. First, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were synthesized and were followed by accommodating polydopamine on the surface of the prepared Fe3O4. The prepared polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 spheres were utilized as a sorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil and warfarin (as the model analytes). The extracted model analytes were desorbed by a suitable organic solvent and were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Under optimized condition, the linearity of the method was in the range of 0.1-200.0 mu g/L for the selected analytes in water. The limits of detection were calculated to be in the range of 0.026-0.055 mu g/L for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. The limits of quantification were calculated to be in the range of 0.089-0.185 mu g/L. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were determined to be in the range of 1.4%-3.3% in three concentrations in order to calculate the method precision. Furthermore, the enrichment factors were found to be 78 and 81 for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. Moreover, the calculated absolute recoveries were between 78% and 81%. The obtained recoveries indicated that the method was useful and applicable in complicated real samples.

Automated summary

Polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 spheres were synthesized using a simple, easy, cost-effective, efficient, and fast method. These spheres were utilized as a sorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil and warfarin. The method showed good linearity, low detection and quantification limits, and high precision, as well as satisfactory enrichment factors and recovery rates. The method proved to be useful and applicable in complicated real samples.