Journal
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 49, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac024
Keywords
Anaerobic fungi; Clostridia; RNA-Seq; Consortia; Biofuel
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A system for co-cultivation of anaerobic fungi with anaerobic bacteria was established to produce butyrate and butanol from plant biomass. The co-culture formulations consisted of different fungi with the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum, and the simultaneous co-culture promoted the production of butyrate up to 30 mM. Two-stage growth slightly promoted solventogenesis and elevated butanol levels. This study demonstrates the potential of a fungal-bacterial co-culture system for biobutanol and bio-butyrate production from lignocellulose.
A system for co-cultivation of anaerobic fungi with anaerobic bacteria was established based on lactate cross-feeding to produce butyrate and butanol from plant biomass. Several co-culture formulations were assembled that consisted of anaerobic fungi (Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae, or Caecomyces churrovis) with the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. Co-cultures were grown simultaneously (e.g., 'one pot'), and compared to cultures where bacteria were cultured in fungal hydrolysate sequentially. Fungal hydrolysis of lignocellulose resulted in 7-11 mM amounts of glucose and xylose, as well as acetate, formate, ethanol, and lactate to support clostridial growth. Under these conditions, one-stage simultaneous co-culture of anaerobic fungi with C. acetobutylicum promoted the production of butyrate up to 30 mM. Alternatively, two-stage growth slightly promoted solventogenesis and elevated butanol levels (similar to 4-9 mM). Transcriptional regulation in the two-stage growth condition indicated that this cultivation method may decrease the time required to reach solventogenesis and induce the expression of cellulose-degrading genes in C. acetobutylicum due to relieved carbon-catabolite repression. Overall, this study demonstrates a proof of concept for biobutanol and bio-butyrate production from lignocellulose using an anaerobic fungal-bacterial co-culture system.
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