Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 443, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130161
Keywords
Additive manufacturing; Geopolymer; Hierarchical porosity; Ion adsorption; Dynamic adsorption test
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Geopolymers have shown great potential as adsorbents for wastewater treatment due to their superior adsorption stability, tunable porosity, high adsorption capacity, and low-energy production. However, developing geopolymers with well-controlled hierarchical structures and high porosity remains challenging, and the mechanism underlying the ion adsorption process is still unclear. In this study, a cost-effective and universal approach was used to fabricate Na or K geopolymers with sophisticated architectures, high porosity, and arbitrary cation species exchange. The effects of morphology, surfactant content, and cation species on Cs+ adsorption performance were systematically investigated, and the results showed promising adsorption capacity of the printed NaGP adsorbent.
Geopolymers (GPs) have emerged as promising adsorbents for wastewater treatment due to their superior adsorption stability, tunable porosity, high adsorption capacity, and low-energy production. Despite their great promise, developing GPs with well-controlled hierarchical structures and high porosity remains challenging, and the mechanism underlying the ion adsorption process remains elusive. Here we report a cost-effective and universal approach to fabricate Na or K GPs with sophisticated architectures, high porosity, and arbitrary cation species exchange by means of additive manufacturing and a surfactant. The introduction of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) enhanced the porosity of the GP adsorbents, yielding NaGP-lattice-10%SLS adsorbent with a high total porosity of 80.8 vol%. Combining static and dynamic adsorption tests, the effects of morphology, surfactant content, and cation species on Cs+ adsorption performance were systemically investigated. With an initial Cs+ concentration of 900 mg/L, the printed NaGP exhibited a maximum Cs+ adsorption capacity of 80.1 mg/g, outperforming other adsorbents reported so far. The quasi-second-order fit of the NaGP adsorbent showed overall higher R2 values than the quasi-first-order fit, indicating that the adsorption process was dominated by ion exchange. Combined with first-principles calculations, we verified that the content of water in the GP sod cages also affected the ion-exchange process between Na+ and Cs+.
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