A review on integrated vermifiltration as a sustainable treatment method for wastewater

To overcome the scarcity of fresh water, concerned authorities worldwide are bound to think about remediation and reuse of domestic and industrial effluents. The present review study on integrated vermifiltrationwith hy-droponic system explains mechanism followed in system and presently the reutilization and remediation of domestic and industrial effluents. It explains the result of integrated vermifiltration and recognizes factors such as clogging, hydraulic loading rate or rain on bed, salinity, and sunlight affect the efficiency of system. The study also focuses on limitations associated with vermifiltration and also suggestions have been made for enhancing the sustainability and performance of existing practices. After literature review, integrated vermifiltration with hydroponic system considered as a natural and eco-friendly method for treating polluted water. Active zone of vermifilter remove organics, nitrate from nitrogen, total and dissolved phosphorus from wastewater. The ver-mifiltration and integrated vermifiltration with macrophyte able remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range (53.7%-64.4%) and (75.5%-82.8%) respectively. The integrated system reduces land consumption and wastewater can be reutilized in cultivation.

Automated summary

In order to address the shortage of fresh water, authorities worldwide are exploring options for treating and reusing domestic and industrial wastewater. This review study focuses on the integrated vermifiltration with hydroponic system, explaining its mechanisms and its potential for remediating and reusing wastewater. The study identifies several factors that can affect the system's efficiency, including clogging, hydraulic loading rate, salinity, and sunlight. The study also highlights the limitations of vermifiltration and provides suggestions for improving its sustainability and performance. The integrated vermifiltration with hydroponic system is considered a natural and eco-friendly method for treating polluted water, capable of removing organics, nitrate, and phosphorus from wastewater. The system also reduces land consumption and allows for the reutilization of wastewater in agriculture.