Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs): Synthesis methods, imaging and cancer therapy

The widespread usage of the lanthanide group in the literature fascinated many researchers all over the world in recent years. Comprehensive compact information in imaging and therapeutic applications leads to presenting the recent reports in favor of supporting photodynamic treatment in both in vivo and in vitro. This review in-troduces upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) from a quite profound standpoint from general details to so-phisticated cutting-edge technology in biomedical engineering, imaging, and drug delivery for introducing a professional level of designing nano-drug carriers, theranostic applications in order to fulfill effective therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. This study will also interpret mechanisms, different synthesis methods, and various functionalized of UCNPs in nanoscience.

Automated summary

The widespread usage of lanthanide group in recent years has fascinated researchers worldwide. This review introduces upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in biomedical engineering, imaging, and drug delivery, with a focus on designing nano-drug carriers and theranostic applications for effective cancer treatment. The study also explores the mechanisms, synthesis methods, and functionalized properties of UCNPs in nanoscience.