Non-enzymatic antioxidants, macro-minerals and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio among patients with bipolar disorder

Objective: Recent studies show that oxidative stress is related to the pathogenesis of BD. Non-enzymatic anti-oxidants, macro-minerals and MHR (monocyte divided by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) participated oxidative stress and can be obtained quickly in hematological examination. This study used large-scale clinical data to investigate them between BD and healthy controls (HCs), as well as between psychotic and non-psychotic BD to explore their roles in disease progression. Methods: A total of 3442 BD-manic (BD-M) and 1405 BD-depression (BD-D) in acute stage and 5000 HCs were enrolled, including 1592 BD-M with psychotic symptoms (P-BD-M), 1850 BD-M without psychotic symptoms (NP-BD-M), 655 P-BD-D, 750 NP-BD-D. The differences in these biological parameter levels among different groups were compared, and the contributing factors for the occurrence of BD-M or BD-D and psychotic symptoms of BD were analyzed. Results: We found higher levels of Na and MHR, and lower levels of K, Ca and ALB in BD-M or BD-D compared with the HCs respectively; levels of K, Na, Ca, ALB and MHR have differences among P-BD-M, NP-BD-M and HC; levels of K, Na, Ca and ALB have differences among P-BD-D, NP-BD-D and HC. In multiple logistic regression, higher levels of MHR and Na were associated with BD-M; MHR was shown to be independently associated with P -BD-M; K, Na, ALB were shown to be independently associated with P-BD-D. Conclusions: Our study highlights the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of BD. There is heterogeneity between BD-M and BD-D, and different oxidative stress mechanisms of psychotic symptoms exist in BD-M and BD-D.

Automated summary

Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the development of BD. This study used clinical data to investigate the levels of non-enzymatic anti-oxidants, macro-minerals, and MHR in BD and healthy controls, as well as the differences between psychotic and non-psychotic BD. The results showed that there were differences in these parameters among the different groups, and certain parameters were associated with the occurrence of BD and psychotic symptoms.