4.7 Editorial Material

Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults 2022 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Immunology

Efficacy and Safety of Switching to the 2-Drug Regimen Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a 3-or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintaining Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1): Week 48 Results From the Phase 3, Noninferiority SALSA Randomized Trial

Josep M. Llibre et al.

Summary: In the TANGO study, switching to DTG/3TC demonstrated long-term noninferior efficacy compared to continuing other drug regimens in treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1. The phase 3 SALSA study evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching to DTG/3TC compared to continuing different antiretroviral regimens. The results showed that switching to DTG/3TC was noninferior to continuing other drug regimens in maintaining virologic suppression at 48 weeks.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

Article Immunology

First Demonstration Project of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy for Persons With and Without Detectable Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viremia in an Urban HIV Clinic

Katerina A. Christopoulos et al.

Summary: This study investigated the application of LAI-ART in HIV-infected individuals who were unable to achieve viral suppression, and the preliminary results showed promising treatment outcomes.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

Article Immunology

Recent abacavir use and incident cardiovascular disease in contemporary-treated people with HIV

Nadine Jaschinski et al.

Summary: This study assessed the association between ABC and CVD in people with HIV. The results showed that recent ABC use was associated with a higher incidence of CVD. This association was not explained by the presence of pre-existing CVD or CKD risk.
Article Immunology

Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people with HIV

Manuel Gonzalez de Aledo et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and serological response of people with HIV after receiving two doses of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The results showed that all patients developed antibody responses and the vaccination was well tolerated.
Article Immunology

Impaired antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in advanced HIV infection

Nolan Hassold et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the seroconversion rates and antibody titers in people with HIV (PWH) and impaired CD4(+) T-cell counts after receiving two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The results showed that PWH with CD4(+) T-cell counts less than 500 cells/μl had significantly lower seroconversion rates and antibody titers compared to those with counts greater than 500 cells/μl, suggesting the need for targeted vaccine strategies in this population.
Article Immunology

Strategies to improve HIV care outcomes for people with HIV who are out of care

Darrel H. Higa et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of five intervention strategies in improving HIV care outcomes among persons with HIV who are out of care. The results showed that patient navigation, appointment help/alerts, psychosocial support, transportation/appointment accompaniment, and data-to-care interventions were effective in improving re-engagement in care, retention in care, and viral suppression.
Article Immunology

The shifting age distribution of people with HIV using antiretroviral therapy in the United States

Keri N. Althoff et al.

Summary: This study used an agent-based simulation model to project the future age distribution of people with HIV using antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the United States. The findings suggest a substantial increase in the number of ART-users over time, but also highlight the importance of achieving the ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) goals to reduce HIV diagnoses and address the evolving needs of an aging population with HIV.
Article Immunology

Prospective Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Responses Across a Broad Spectrum of Immunocompromising Conditions: the COVID-19 Vaccination in the Immunocompromised Study (COVICS)

Ghady Haidar et al.

Summary: This study investigated the humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised individuals. The results showed that the proportion of individuals with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was lower in immunocompromised groups, particularly in solid organ transplant and anti-CD20 monoclonal recipients. Antibody levels were strongly correlated with neutralization titers, but immunocompromised patients had significantly lower neutralization titers compared to non-immunocompromised healthcare workers among individuals with intermediate antibody levels.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based 3-or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Results Through Week 144 From the Phase 3, Noninferiority TANGO Randomized Trial

Olayemi Osiyemi et al.

Summary: Switching to DTG/3TC showed durable efficacy and safety through 144 weeks with no virologic failure or resistance detected, supporting its use in virologically suppressed individuals with HIV-1.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Substance Abuse

Safer in care: A pandemic-tested model of integrated HIV/OUD care

Ellen F. Eaton et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the health outcomes and utilization of persons with HIV (PWH) at an Outpatient-based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) Clinic. The results showed that OBOT patients were less likely to remain viral load suppressed compared to the overall HIV clinic. However, these patients increased healthcare utilization and maintained viral suppression during the public health emergency.

DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE (2022)

Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Positivity Among Persons With and Without HIV in 6 US Cohorts

Lesley S. Park et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the testing and positivity rates of SARS-CoV-2 among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in six diverse cohorts across the United States. The results showed that HIV-positive individuals had higher testing rates, but there was no evidence of increased positivity compared to HIV-negative individuals in the clinical cohorts.

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (2022)

Article Immunology

How health systems can adapt to a population ageing with HIV and comorbid disease

Jepchirchir Kiplagat et al.

Summary: As people with HIV age, their needs extend beyond HIV care, including age-regulated comorbidities and ageing-related issues. Global health-care systems have struggled to meet these evolving needs of ageing people with HIV. A rethinking of care strategies to meet these growing needs is necessary, and models of care that align with the WHO health system building blocks are proposed.

LANCET HIV (2022)

Article Immunology

Delayed presentation of HIV among older individuals: a growing problem

Amy C. Justice et al.

Summary: Late presentation for care is a significant obstacle in preventing and treating HIV infection, especially among older individuals. Based on global literature and data from the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium, we summarize and quantify the association between age and delayed presentation, and consider how the widespread adoption of electronic medical records can better address late presentation among older individuals.

LANCET HIV (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Association Between Social Vulnerability and Rates of HIV Diagnoses Among Black Adults, by Selected Characteristics and Region of Residence — United States, 2018

André F. Dailey et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the UNAIDS Six 95% HIV Control Targets

Tiande Jiang et al.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Assessing the Temporality Between Transitions onto Opioid Agonist Therapy and Engagement with Antiretroviral Therapy in a Cohort of HIV-Positive People Who Use Opioids Daily

Sanjana Mitra et al.

Summary: There is a beneficial association between opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and HIV-related outcomes, as it can facilitate the uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV. A study in Vancouver found positive associations between transitions onto OAT and transitions onto ART.

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR (2022)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) indication and uptake among people receiving buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder

Lori Beck et al.

Summary: This study found a high prevalence of PrEP indication among patients receiving buprenorphine for OUD, but low levels of PrEP awareness and uptake. Therefore, this population remains at high risk for HIV infection and further research is needed to integrate comprehensive HIV prevention measures into outpatient opioid treatment centers.

JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT (2022)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Geriatric conditions and healthcare utilisation in older adults living with HIV

Meredith Greene et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between geriatric conditions and healthcare utilisation among older HIV-positive adults. The results showed that IADL dependency and history of falls were associated with healthcare utilisation in this population.

AGE AND AGEING (2022)

Article Immunology

High efficacy of switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with suppressed HIV and preexisting M184V/I

Paul E. Sax et al.

Summary: We investigated the prevalence of preexisting M184V/I and associated risk factors among clinical trial participants with suppressed HIV and evaluated the impact of M184V/I on virologic response after switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF). The findings showed that 10% of participants had preexisting M184V/I, but switching to B/F/TAF demonstrated durable efficacy in maintaining viral suppression for both participants with and without preexisting M184V/I.
Article Immunology

Abnormal cognitive aging in people with HIV: evidence from data integration between two countries' cohort studies

Htein Linn Aung et al.

Summary: Through the integration of data from two longitudinal studies, it was found that age has a significant impact on neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV, with the risk of NCI increasing as age increases. Additionally, factors such as nonwhite ethnicity, comorbidities, severity of cognitive symptoms, abnormal creatinine level, and plasma viral load greater than 200 copies/ml were also associated with an increased risk of NCI.
Letter Immunology

High seroconversion rate after vaccination with mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among people with HIV - but HIV viremia matters?

Xinling Xu et al.

Summary: Our clinical trial involving 90 HIV-infected individuals on antiviral treatment demonstrated that the SARS-COV-2 mRNA vaccine resulted in a high seroconversion rate and significant levels of spike IgG antibodies after two doses. The vaccine was well tolerated and did not cause HIV RNA blips. However, HIV patients exhibited lower levels of spike IgG antibodies compared to healthy controls, particularly among those with baseline HIV RNA levels exceeding 50 copies/ml.
Article Immunology

Strengths and Challenges of Various Models of Geriatric Consultation for Older Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Amelia J. Davis et al.

Summary: With the transition of care for HIV-positive individuals to managing age-related conditions, new models of geriatric consultation are necessary. This study explores three models: outpatient referral/consultation, combined HIV/geriatric multidisciplinary clinic, and dually trained providers. Patient-centered care and interdisciplinary expertise are recognized as strengths, while logistical barriers and patient reluctance hinder the implementation of these models.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

The BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Elicits Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Bezawit A. Woldemeskel et al.

Summary: Past studies have shown that some vaccines do not elicit optimal responses in individuals living with HIV. However, this study demonstrates that the BNT162b2 vaccine induces robust immune responses in these patients comparable to those in healthy donors.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Higher Comorbidity Burden Predicts Worsening Neurocognitive Trajectories in People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Ronald J. Ellis et al.

Summary: Comorbidity has a greater impact on neurocognitive decline in people with HIV compared to HIV disease factors. Treating comorbidities may improve the neurocognitive prognosis for people with HIV.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Antiretroviral Initiation at ≥ 800 CD4+Cells/mm3 Associated With Lower Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size

Thomas A. Rasmussen et al.

Summary: Initiating antiretroviral therapy with a high CD4+ cell count is associated with a smaller HIV reservoir.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Are Associated With Incident Diabetes Mellitus in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Jane A. O'Halloran et al.

Summary: The use of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in treating HIV infection is associated with a 31% increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia in the 6 months following antiretroviral therapy initiation.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Factors associated with severity of COVID-19 disease in a multicenter cohort of people with HIV in the United States, March-December 2020.

Adrienne E. Shapiro et al.

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (2022)

Article Immunology

Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections in Women Who Received Injectable Cabotegravir or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine for HIV Prevention: HPTN 084

Susan H. Eshleman et al.

Summary: This report describes the HIV infections that occurred in women receiving long-acting cabotegravir or oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for HIV prevention. Almost all incident HIV infections occurred in the setting of unquantifiable or low drug concentrations. Cabotegravir resistance was not detected.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cabotegravir for the prevention of HIV-1 in women: results from HPTN 084, a phase 3, randomised clinical trial

Sinead Delany-Moretlwe et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of injectable cabotegravir compared with daily oral tenofovir diphosphate plus emtricitabine for HIV prevention in HIV-uninfected women. The results showed that cabotegravir was superior to TDF-FTC in preventing HIV infection among women.

LANCET (2022)

Article Immunology

Covid-19 vaccine immunogenicity in people living with HIV-1

Lauriane Nault et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the immunogenicity of an mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in HIV-positive individuals. The results showed that HIV-positive individuals with CD4 counts over 250 cells/mm(3) had a similar antibody response to the general population. However, HIV-positive individuals with the lowest CD4 counts (<250 cells/mm(3)) had a weaker response and may require a booster dose. Increasing age was independently associated with decreased immunogenicity.

VACCINE (2022)

Article Virology

Characterization of Serum and Mucosal SARS-CoV-2-Antibodies in HIV-1-Infected Subjects after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Katja G. Schmidt et al.

Summary: This study investigated the immune response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in HIV-1(+) patients on antiretroviral therapy. The results showed that although the vaccine induced SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in HIV-1-infected patients, the neutralization activity and antibody levels were lower compared to HIV-1-uninfected subjects.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Article Virology

Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 and Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in a Cohort of People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment and with Undetectable HIV RNA

Maria Mazzitelli et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe clinical manifestations and long-term sequelae for people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with severe COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) in PLWH. The findings showed that PLWH with good viral suppression and immune response had a lower risk of hospitalization for COVID-19, although the severity of the disease was associated with higher mortality. The risk of developing severe COVID-19 and PACS was mainly driven by factors similar to those faced by the general population, such as polypharmacy and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy of covid-19 vaccines between immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The results showed that immunocompromised patients, especially organ transplant recipients, had significantly lower rates of seroconversion after covid-19 vaccination. A second dose of the vaccine consistently improved seroconversion in all patient groups, although the improvement was smaller for organ transplant recipients. Targeted interventions, including a third dose (booster) of the vaccine, should be performed for immunocompromised patients.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

Article Immunology

Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir or darunavir in combination with lamivudine plus either zidovudine or tenofovir for second-line treatment of HIV infection (NADIA): week 96 results from a prospective, multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, non-inferiority trial

Nicholas I. Paton et al.

Summary: The study compared the effectiveness of dolutegravir and darunavir, and determined which is more suitable for second-line therapy: maintaining tenofovir or switching to zidovudine. The results showed that dolutegravir is non-inferior to darunavir at 96 weeks, but has a higher risk of resistance. Tenofovir is superior to zidovudine in second-line therapy.

LANCET HIV (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Persistent disparities in COVID-19-associated impacts on HIV prevention and care among a global sample of sexual and gender minority individuals

Glenn-Milo Santos et al.

Summary: As COVID-19 continues, it is important to study its impact on sexual and gender minority individuals. Our survey indicates that many individuals from this population experienced disruptions to HIV prevention and care services. The impact was higher among those living with HIV, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, individuals with a history of sex work, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups.

GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

Review Immunology

The Impact of Frailty on All-Cause Mortality in Patients with HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Shanshan Liu et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between frailty and all-cause mortality in patients with HIV infection through a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. The results demonstrated a significant association between frailty and all-cause mortality in HIV patients, suggesting that frailty is an important predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, screening for frailty in HIV patients and implementing appropriate interventions and personalized treatment plans should be prioritized.

AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

Once-daily dolutegravir versus darunavir plus cobicistat in adults at the time of primary HIV-1 infection: the OPTIPRIM2-ANRS 169 randomized, open-label, Phase 3 trial

Antoine Cheret et al.

Summary: The study found that both dolutegravir-based and darunavir-based regimens significantly and similarly reduced the blood reservoir size during primary HIV-1 infection. Considering the rapid viral suppression during a period of high HIV-1 transmission risk, dolutegravir-based regimens are an important first-line treatment option.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries - April-June 2022

John P. Thornhill et al.

Summary: This report describes 528 cases of monkeypox in 16 countries. Common clinical findings include rash, mucosal lesions, fever, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy. Few patients required hospitalization.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

HIV Testing Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, 2019–2020

Elizabeth A. DiNenno et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Analysis of Postvaccination Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections Among Adults With HIV in the United States

Sally B. Coburn et al.

Summary: This study aims to estimate the rate and risk of breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated people with HIV (PWH) and people without HIV (PWoH) in the United States. The results showed that PWH had a higher risk of breakthrough infections compared with PWoH. Therefore, the expansion of recommendations for additional vaccine doses to all PWH should be considered.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dolutegravir in Pregnancy as Compared with Current HIV Regimens in the United States

Kunjal Patel et al.

Summary: The study found that dolutegravir was more effective in suppressing viral loads during pregnancy compared to other ART regimens, with no significant safety concerns. Additionally, there were no clear differences in adverse birth outcomes between dolutegravir-based ART and non-dolutegravir-based ART.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Immunology

Antiretroviral Initiation at >= 800 CD4+Cells/mm(3) Associated With Lower Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size

Thomas A. Rasmussen et al.

Summary: The study found that initiating antiretroviral therapy with a CD4+ count of 800 cells/mm3 as compared to 600-799 or 500-599 cells/mm3 was associated with significantly lower levels of HIV persistence on ART.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Switching to Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide in Virologically Suppressed Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Paul E. Sax et al.

Summary: The study findings suggest that B/F/TAF can replace DTG+ F/TAF or F/TDF for treating HIV-1 without compromising safety or efficacy, and is suitable for patients with NRTI resistance.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Among Individuals With Acute and Early HIV

Thomas C. S. Martin et al.

Summary: The study suggests that rapid antiretroviral therapy for acute HIV is feasible and effective, with the majority of patients starting treatment immediately after diagnosis and over 88% achieving viral suppression within 48 weeks.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

The Potential Impact of Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention in South Africa: A Mathematical Modeling Study

Jennifer A. Smith et al.

Summary: Using a mathematical model of the HIV epidemic in South Africa, the study simulated CAB LA uptake by different population groups with varying levels of HIV risk and compared the trajectory of the epidemic with and without CAB LA up to 2050 to estimate the impact. Results showed that delivering CAB LA to 10% of the adult population could avert more than 15% of new infections from 2023 to 2050.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes in a Multicenter Registry of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Coronavirus Disease 2019

Dima Dandachi et al.

Summary: The study found that people living with HIV have a higher risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19, especially those with older age, chronic lung disease, hypertension, and lower CD4 cell counts. Antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression did not have a significant impact on the outcomes examined.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Efavirenz Pharmacogenetics and Weight Gain Following Switch to Integrase Inhibitor-Containing Regimens

Michael A. Leonard et al.

Summary: The study utilized two cohorts to investigate the impact of pharmacogenetics on weight gain in patients switching from efavirenz to INSTI-based regimens. The results showed that CYP2B6 genotype was associated with weight gain after switching, potentially due to the withdrawal of the inhibitory effect of higher efavirenz concentrations. The association varied depending on the concomitant nucleoside analogue used.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Clinical Outcomes of 2-Drug Regimens vs 3-Drug Regimens in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Lauren Greenberg et al.

Summary: This study compared the clinical outcomes of two different antiretroviral drug regimens for people living with HIV and found similar incidence of events between the two regimens after adjusting for baseline characteristics. Further research on resistance barriers and long-term durability of two-drug regimens is needed.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in New York City: A Population-Level Analysis of Linked Surveillance Data

Sarah L. Braunstein et al.

Summary: New York City, hard-hit by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, matched laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with HIV patients, finding that while the HIV prevalence among COVID-19 cases wasn't overrepresented, HIV patients experienced worse COVID-19 outcomes due to factors associated with poor outcomes. This highlights the need to strengthen services and support for HIV patients in the face of health inequities exacerbated by the pandemic.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Effect of Changes in Body Mass Index on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus in HIV-Positive Individuals: Results From the D:A:D Study

Kathy Petoumenos et al.

Summary: The study found that changes in BMI among HIV patients receiving antiretroviral treatment did not significantly affect the risk of cardiovascular disease but were consistently associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. There was also evidence of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease with a decrease in BMI.

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Epidemiology of HIV in the USA: epidemic burden, inequities, contexts, and responses

Patrick S. Sullivan et al.

Summary: The HIV epidemic in the USA is now concentrated in the Southern regions and there are profound disparities across regions and by race or ethnicity. This is likely driven by restricted Medicaid expansion, healthcare provider shortages, low health literacy, and HIV stigma. Overall, HIV diagnoses decreased from 2009-2018, but increased among individuals aged 25-34 years, with stable rates among White MSM, increasing rates among Black MSM, and Hispanic or Latino MSM. Surveillance data indicates ongoing disparities in HIV cases, with disproportionate impact among people in the South, racial or ethnic minorities, and MSM.

LANCET (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Standard dose raltegravir or efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment for patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis (ANRS 12 300 Reflate TB 2): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial

Nathalie De Castro et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the non-inferiority of raltegravir to efavirenz in HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patients. While raltegravir did not meet the predefined criterion for non-inferiority, it was well tolerated and could be considered as an option for selected patients. The most frequent adverse events were HIV-associated non-AIDS illnesses and AIDS-defining illnesses, with a similar rate of grade 3 or 4 adverse events in both treatment groups.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

John P. H. Wilding et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that for individuals with obesity, once-weekly use of 2.4 mg semaglutide in combination with lifestyle intervention can lead to sustained and clinically relevant weight loss, with significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and physical functioning reported by participants.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Awareness of and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men in India: Results from a multi-city crosssectional survey

Ashwin Belludi et al.

Summary: The study in India revealed low awareness but high willingness to use PrEP among PWID and MSM. Common reasons for unwillingness to use PrEP included perceived low risk of HIV infection, fear of being labeled as HIV-positive, and concerns about side effects. Key factors associated with increased willingness to use PrEP included sharing needles and hazardous alcohol use among PWID, and having a main male partner and injection drug use among MSM.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Immunology

Initiating antiretroviral treatment for newly diagnosed HIV patients in sexual health clinics greatly improves timeliness of viral suppression

Preeti Pathela et al.

Summary: The 'JumpstART' program in NYC public Sexual Health Clinics provides newly diagnosed HIV patients with antiretroviral medication and active linkage to HIV care, resulting in significantly higher rates of viral suppression and shorter time intervals to achieving viral suppression.
Article Medicine, General & Internal

Weight and Metabolic Changes After Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in People Living With HIV A Cohort Study

Bernard Surial et al.

Summary: This study showed that replacing TDF with TAF is associated with adverse metabolic changes, including weight gain, development of obesity, and worsened serum lipid levels.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Sociodemographic, clinical, and immunological factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study

Daniel K. Nomah et al.

Summary: This study assessed factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe outcomes among people living with HIV. The findings showed that age, immigrant status, sexual orientation, chronic comorbidities, and other factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe outcomes. Participants with detectable HIV viraemia, chronic comorbidities, and certain subpopulations were at increased risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19, highlighting the importance of prioritizing these groups in clinical management and vaccination programs.

LANCET HIV (2021)

Article Immunology

Initiation of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine as direct-to-injection or with an oral lead-in in adults with HIV-1 infection: week 124 results of the open-label phase 3 FLAIR study

Chloe Orkin et al.

Summary: The study evaluated switching virologically suppressed participants from standard oral regimens to long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine via direct-to-injection or oral lead-in pathways. Results at week 124 showed similar efficacy, safety, and tolerability for both direct-to-injection and oral lead-in approaches. Long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine remains a durable maintenance therapy with a favorable safety profile for participants originally assigned to the long-acting therapy group.

LANCET HIV (2021)

Article Substance Abuse

Perspectives on extended-release naltrexone induction among patients living with HIV and opioid use disorder: a qualitative analysis

Kim A. Hoffman et al.

Summary: The study found that participants who successfully completed XR-NTX induction had three main experiences, including readiness for change, support during withdrawal, and caring interactions with staff. On the other hand, participants who did not complete induction mainly expressed concerns and anxiety about withdrawal, ambivalence or reluctance to stop opioids, concerns about XR-NTX effects, and preferences for other medications.

ADDICTION SCIENCE & CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

Editorial Material Substance Abuse

Linking criminal justice-involved individuals to HIV, Hepatitis C, and opioid use disorder prevention and treatment services upon release to the community: Progress, gaps, and future directions

Noor Taweh et al.

Summary: This manuscript reviews gaps in HIV, Hepatitis C, and OUD prevention, treatment, and delivery cascades of care for individuals involved in the criminal justice system who use drugs, focusing on Peer/Patient Navigation and Mobile Health Units as models for linking them to integrated prevention and treatment services. The literature lacks comparisons of models for linking individuals recently released from the criminal justice system to comprehensive prevention and treatment services, and studies addressing geographical distinctions in service implementation and their effects are limited. The manuscript recommends evaluating PN and MHU linkage models to integrated services across different communities in the U.S.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY (2021)

Review Infectious Diseases

Evidence Regarding Rapid Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients Living with HIV

Sarah M. Michienzi et al.

Summary: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to improve virologic suppression rates, potentially reducing transmission and ultimately lowering new HIV infections. Initiating ART quickly after diagnosis may lead to quicker achievement of viral suppression and improved retention in care.

CURRENT INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS (2021)

Article Immunology

Overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults living with HIV

Juan Ambrosioni et al.

Lancet HIV (2021)

Article Immunology

Bictegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Accelerated Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus

Nathanial S. Nolan et al.

Summary: Bictegravir-based ART may lead to adverse metabolic effects such as hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis in people with HIV.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Impact of switch from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based regimens to tenofovir alafenamide-based regimens on lipid profile, weight gain and cardiovascular risk score in people living with HIV

Pierre-Emmanuel Plum et al.

Summary: The study evaluated lipid profile, weight gain, and calculated cardiovascular risk change in patients switching from TDF-based regimens to TAF-based regimens. Results showed a significant increase in triglycerides levels, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol after switching to TAF, along with an increase in calculated cardiovascular risk.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: an umbrella review approach and meta-analysis of global evidence

Marina Treskova-Schwarzbach et al.

Summary: This study used an umbrella review approach to summarize global evidence on the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with pre-existing health conditions. The risk of adverse COVID-19 health outcomes is consistently increased in certain patient subgroups across geographical regions, showing high variability in others. The results can help inform COVID-19 vaccine prioritization or other intervention strategies.

BMC MEDICINE (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Prevalence of genotypic baseline risk factors for cabotegravir plus rilpivirine failure among ARV-naive patients

Charlotte Charpentier et al.

Summary: The study found that HIV-1 subtypes A6/A1 and the presence of rilpivirine RAMs are baseline risk factors associated with virological failure of cabotegravir+rilpivirine dual therapy among ARV-naive patients. Among large sequence databases, approximately 10.1% of patients would be ineligible for cabotegravir+rilpivirine dual therapy due to the presence of rilpivirine-resistant viruses and HIV-1 subtype A6/A1 sequences.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Switching from boosted PIs to dolutegravir decreases soluble CD14 and adiponectin in high cardiovascular risk people living with HIV

Ana Gonzalez-Cordon et al.

Summary: Switching from boosted PIs to dolutegravir in people living with HIV with high cardiovascular risk led to reductions in soluble CD14 and adiponectin at 48 weeks in the NEAT022 trial. While decreased soluble CD14 may have favorable health effects in HIV patients, the reduction in adiponectin may indicate decreased insulin sensitivity associated with weight gain.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women

Raphael J. Landovitz et al.

Summary: The study showed that injectable Cabotegravir was more effective in preventing HIV infection among MSM and transgender women compared to daily oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Emtricitabine. Strategies are needed to prevent INSTI resistance in cases of Cabotegravir PrEP failure.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Consensus statement on the role of health systems in advancing the long-term well-being of people living with HIV

Jeffrey V. Lazarus et al.

Summary: Despite improvements in identifying, diagnosing, treating, and achieving viral suppression among people living with HIV, many still experience a higher burden of multimorbidity and poorer health-related quality of life compared to those without HIV. Stigma and discrimination worsen these outcomes. A global multidisciplinary group of HIV experts developed a consensus statement highlighting the importance of health systems addressing key issues to provide integrated, person-centered healthcare for PLHIV throughout their lives, moving beyond the focus on viral suppression.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Immunology

Adoption of guidelines on and use of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: a global summary and forecasting study

Robin Schaefer et al.

Summary: The UN set a global target of 3 million PrEP users by 2020, but by the end of 2019, there were about 626,000 PrEP users globally. The forecast projects 0.9-1.1 million global PrEP users by the end of 2020 and 2.4-5.3 million by the end of 2023.

LANCET HIV (2021)

Review Immunology

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Evaluating the Effect of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder on Infectious Disease Outcomes

Katelyn F. McNamara et al.

Summary: The study found that medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) have a positive impact on treatment outcomes of opioid use disorder (OUD)-associated infectious diseases, including improving antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral suppression.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Primary Care Guidance for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2020 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Melanie A. Thompson et al.

Summary: Advances in ART have improved the life expectancy of individuals with HIV, emphasizing the importance of lifelong health maintenance. Creating a patient-centered, stigma-free care environment is crucial. Comprehensive healthcare for persons with HIV becomes increasingly complex as the population ages.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Transient Reductions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Clinic Attendance and Food Security During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic for People Living With HIV in 4 African Countries

Nicole Dear et al.

Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on HIV clinic visit adherence and food security among persons living with HIV, but there was an increase in viral suppression later in the pandemic.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Stratifying the risk of NAFLD in patients with HIV under combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)

Jenny Bischoff et al.

Summary: De novo steatosis is a major factor in NAFLD for HIV-infected patients, with BMI, cART drugs, and type 2 diabetes being independent predictors of steatosis progression. TDF is associated with a lower risk of weight gain and steatosis development, while TAF and INSTI increase the risk of steatosis progression.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus, Weight Gain, and Their Relationships With Integrase Inhibitor-Based Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States and Canada

Peter F. Rebeiro et al.

Summary: The study found that initiating first cART regimens with INSTIs or PIs may confer a greater risk of developing diabetes mellitus compared to NNRTIs, and this risk may be mediated through weight gain.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Antiretroviral therapy for HIV controllers: Reasons for initiation and outcomes in the French ANRS-CO21 CODEX cohort

Leo Placais et al.

Summary: In this French cohort of HIV controllers, only 30% of participants required ART during a median follow-up of 14.8 years. The results demonstrate the stability of HIC status and support a patient-centered treatment approach based on individual benefit/risk balance.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Buprenorphine at a Drug Detoxification Center During the Opioid Epidemic: Opportunities and Challenges

Sabrina A. Assoumou et al.

Summary: This study surveyed 200 individuals at a drug detoxification center to assess their interest in PrEP and buprenorphine, finding that despite low awareness among drug injectors, a majority were interested in PrEP. Interest in buprenorphine was higher among males. The results suggest opportunities for implementing PrEP and buprenorphine within drug detoxification centers.

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR (2021)

Article Health Policy & Services

Exploring individual-level barriers to HIV medication adherence among men who have sex with men in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN 065) study

Allysha C. Maragh-Bass et al.

Summary: The study found that African-American MSM with HIV are more likely to face barriers to medication adherence compared to white MSM; individuals with depressive symptoms identified more barriers to adherence; race-specific interventions are needed to improve health outcomes among African-American MSM.

AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV (2021)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Cascade in People Who Inject Drugs: A Systematic Review

Colleen B. Mistler et al.

Summary: Injection drug use is a major risk factor for HIV transmission, and strategies like PrEP can help reduce this risk. However, research shows a low uptake of PrEP among people who inject drugs, with declining engagement along the care cascade. More efforts are needed to identify, screen, and maintain PWID for effective PrEP care.

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR (2021)

Article Health Policy & Services

The impact of the housing status on clinical outcomes and health care utilization among individuals living with HIV

Anela Stanic et al.

Summary: This study found that stable housing has a significant positive impact on HIV patients' virologic control, immune status, and healthcare utilization.

AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV (2021)

Review Immunology

The interplay between HIV and COVID-19: summary of the data and responses to date

Lillian B. Brown et al.

Summary: Current evidence does not suggest that people living with HIV are at significantly higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, but the prevalence of comorbidities associated with COVID-19 severity among PLWH remains a pressing issue. The COVID-19 epidemic has led to decreased access to HIV prevention services and testing, as well as worsened HIV treatment access and virologic control, potentially exacerbating the HIV epidemic.

CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Deprescribing of non-antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients

Jose-Ramon Blanco et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Antiretroviral therapy in older people with HIV

Aaron Richterman et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pharmacology and drug interactions with HIV PrEP in transgender persons receiving gender affirming hormone therapy

Jenna L. Yager et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Integrating Responses to the Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Report From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Sandra A. Springer et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

Article Immunology

Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir plus Rilpivirine for HIV Maintenance Therapy: Week 48 Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 ATLAS and FLAIR Trials

Giuliano Rizzardini et al.

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults 2020 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel

Michael S. Saag et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Could disparities in PrEP uptake limit the public health benefit?

Phillip Keen et al.

Lancet Public Health (2020)

Article Immunology

Metabolic Changes Associated With the Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Among Virally Controlled Women

Nathan A. Summers et al.

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Patient-Reported Outcomes in ATLAS and FLAIR Participants on Long-Acting Regimens of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Over 48 Weeks

Miranda Murray et al.

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Medications for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder among Persons Living with HIV

Laura Fanucchi et al.

CURRENT HIV/AIDS REPORTS (2019)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Incentives for Viral Suppression in People Living with HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Kenneth Silverman et al.

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR (2019)

Article Health Policy & Services

Barriers to preexposure prophylaxis use among individuals with recently acquired HIV infection in Northern California

Julia L. Marcus et al.

AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV (2019)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Changes in renal function with long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults in Asia

Kedar Joshi et al.

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY (2018)

Article Urology & Nephrology

HIV Infection, Tenofovir, and Urine α1-Microglobulin: A Cross-sectional Analysis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Vasantha Jotwani et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2016)

Article Immunology

Drug Treatment as HIV Prevention Among Women and Girls Who Inject Drugs From a Global Perspective: Progress, Gaps, and Future Directions

Sandra A. Springer et al.

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (2015)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Contingency management to reduce methamphetamine use and sexual risk among men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial

Timothy W. Menza et al.

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH (2010)

Article Immunology

Untitled

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2009)