Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213896
Keywords
antioxidant enzyme; Cu; Cu-pH interactions; glyoxalase; metallothioneins; MG and ROS detoxification; phytochelatins; sulfur-metabolism-related enzyme
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFD1000305]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [32072511]
- Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University [CXZX2020071A]
- Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System [CARS-26-01A]
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The study showed that high pH can alleviate oxidative damage caused by copper toxicity in plants by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG), and coordinating detoxification systems. In contrast, low pH disrupts the balance between generation and removal, leading to oxidative damage in plants.
The contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) formation and removal in high-pH-mediated alleviation of plant copper (Cu)-toxicity remains to be elucidated. Seedlings of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) were treated with 0.5 (non-Cu-toxicity) or 300 (Cu-toxicity) mu M CuCl2 x pH 4.8, 4.0, or 3.0 for 17 weeks. Thereafter, superoxide anion production rate; H2O2 production rate; the concentrations of MG, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant metabolites (reduced glutathione, ascorbate, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, total non-protein thiols); and the activities of enzymes (antioxidant enzymes, glyoxalases, and sulfur metabolism-related enzymes) in leaves and roots were determined. High pH mitigated oxidative damage in Cu-toxic leaves and roots, thereby conferring sweet orange Cu tolerance. The alleviation of oxidative damage involved enhanced ability to maintain the balance between ROS and MG formation and removal through the downregulation of ROS and MG formation and the coordinated actions of ROS and MG detoxification systems. Low pH (pH 3.0) impaired the balance between ROS and MG formation and removal, thereby causing oxidative damage in Cu-toxic leaves and roots but not in non-Cu-toxic ones. Cu toxicity and low pH had obvious synergistic impacts on ROS and MG generation and removal in leaves and roots. Additionally, 21 (4) parameters in leaves were positively (negatively) related to the corresponding root parameters, implying that there were some similarities and differences in the responses of ROS and MG metabolisms to Cu-pH interactions between leaves and roots.
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