Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315355
Keywords
eugenol; magnetite; APTMS; MAPLE; antibiofilm
Funding
- Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CCCDI-UEFISCDI [PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-3829]
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This study aimed to develop a nanostructured coating containing eugenol to reduce microbial colonization and biofilm formation on indwelling devices, thereby reducing the risk of device-related infections. The results showed that the nanostructured coatings had excellent biocompatibility and did not induce inflammation in cells.
Despite their great benefits for debilitated patients, indwelling devices are prone to become easily colonized by resident and opportunistic microorganisms, which have the ability to attach to their surfaces and form highly specialized communities called biofilms. These are extremely resistant to host defense mechanisms and antibiotics, leading to treatment failure and device replacement, but also to life-threatening complications. In this study, we aimed to optimize a silica (SiO2)-coated magnetite (Fe3O4)-based nanosystem containing the natural antimicrobial agent, eugenol (E), suitable for MAPLE (matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation) deposition as a bioactive coating for biomedical applications. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy investigations were employed to characterize the obtained nanosystems. The in vitro tests evidenced the superior biocompatibility of such nanostructured coatings, as revealed by their non-cytotoxic activity and ability to promote cellular proliferation and sustain normal cellular development of dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, the obtained nanocoatings did not induce proinflammatory events in human blood samples. Our studies demonstrated that Fe3O4 NPs can improve the antimicrobial activity of E, while the use of a SiO2 matrix may increase its efficiency over prolonged periods of time. The Fe3O4@SiO2 nanosystems showed excellent biocompatibility, sustaining human dermal fibroblasts' viability, proliferation, and typical architecture. More, the novel coatings lack proinflammatory potential as revealed by the absence of proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to human blood sample interactions.
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