Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 24, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032471
Keywords
necrotizing enterocolitis; NEC; hypoxia; glyco-redox; gut microbiome; microbial metabolites; fucose
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This review summarizes the impact of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) on very low birth weight preterm infants and the potential complications from surgical treatment. It discusses the unclear pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of NEC, including prenatal risk factors and the role of the intestinal microbiome. The review also highlights promising approaches for preventing and treating NEC.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening disease that predominantly affects very low birth weight preterm infants. Development of NEC in preterm infants is accompanied by high mortality. Surgical treatment of NEC can be complicated by short bowel syndrome, intestinal failure, parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, and neurodevelopmental delay. Issues surrounding pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of NEC remain unclear. This review summarizes data on prenatal risk factors for NEC, the role of pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth retardation in the pathogenesis of NEC. The role of hypoxia in NEC is discussed. Recent data on the role of the intestinal microbiome in the development of NEC, and features of the metabolome that can serve as potential biomarkers, are presented. The Pseudomonadota phylum is known to be associated with NEC in preterm neonates, and the role of other bacteria and their metabolites in NEC pathogenesis is also discussed. The most promising approaches for preventing and treating NEC are summarized.
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