Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021506
Keywords
immunopathogenesis; lung cancer; genetic association; signal transduction pathway; immune system
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Lung cancer is a major threat to modern society, with increasing numbers of new cases and deaths each year. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, particularly the role of the immune system, remain unclear. This literature review emphasizes the importance of immune system disorders and cell signaling changes in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. It suggests that future studies should focus on analyzing tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints and genetic susceptibilities to lung cancer, which may lead to the development of personalized therapies and improved prognoses for patients.
Lung cancer is a disease that in recent years has become one of the greatest threats to modern society. Every year there are more and more new cases and the percentage of deaths caused by this type of cancer increases. Despite many studies, scientists are still looking for answers regarding the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. The aim of this literature review was to present the importance of disorders of the immune system and the accompanying changes at the level of cell signaling in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The collected results showed that in the process of immunopathogenesis of almost all subtypes of lung cancer, changes in the tumor microenvironment, deregulation of immune checkpoints and abnormalities in cell signaling pathways are involved, which contribute to the multistage and multifaceted carcinogenesis of this type of cancer. We, therefore, suggest that in future studies, researchers should focus on a detailed analysis of tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints, and to validate their validity, perform genetic polymorphism analyses in a wide range of patients and healthy individuals to determine the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer development. In addition, further research related to the analysis of the tumor microenvironment; immune system disorders, with a particular emphasis on immunological checkpoints and genetic differences may contribute to the development of new personalized therapies that improve the prognosis of patients.
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