Telomere Length: A Cardiovascular Biomarker and a Novel Therapeutic Target

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease with a high prevalence, particularly in developing countries. Currently, the investigation of telomeres as a potential tool for the early detection of the atherosclerotic disease seems to be a promising method. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the extremities of chromosomes that maintain genetic stability. Telomere length (TL) has been associated with several human disorders and diseases while its attrition rate varies significantly in the population. The rate of TL shortening ranges between 20 and 50 bp and is affected by factors such as the end-replication phenomenon, oxidative stress, and other DNA-damaging agents. In this review, we delve not only into the pathophysiology of TL shortening but also into its association with cardiovascular disease and the progression of atherosclerosis. We also provide current and future treatment options based on TL and telomerase function, trying to highlight the importance of these cutting-edge developments and their clinical relevance.

Automated summary

Coronary artery disease is a common disease with a high prevalence, particularly in developing countries. The investigation of telomeres as a potential tool for the early detection of atherosclerosis seems promising. Telomeres, repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, are important for maintaining genetic stability. Telomere length has been associated with various diseases, and its rate of shortening varies in the population. This review explores the pathophysiology of telomere shortening, its association with cardiovascular disease, and potential treatment options based on telomere length and telomerase function.