Galectin-2 in Health and Diseases

Galectin-2 is a prototype member of the galactoside-binding galectin family. It is predominately expressed in the gastrointestinal tract but is also detected in several other tissues such as the placenta and in the cardiovascular system. Galectin-2 expression and secretion by epithelial cells has been reported to contribute to the strength of the mucus layer, protect the integrity of epithelia. A number of studies have also suggested the involvement of galectin-2 in tissue inflammation, immune response and cell apoptosis. Alteration of galectin-2 expression occurs in inflammatory bowel disease, coronary artery diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and pregnancy disorders and has been shown to be involved in disease pathogenesis. This review discusses our current understanding of the role and actions of galectin-2 in regulation of these pathophysiological conditions.

Automated summary

Galectin-2, a galactoside-binding protein, is mainly found in the gastrointestinal tract and is also present in other tissues such as the placenta and cardiovascular system. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the strength and integrity of the mucus layer produced by epithelial cells. Additionally, Galectin-2 has been implicated in tissue inflammation, immune response, and cell apoptosis. Alterations in Galectin-2 expression have been associated with various diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, coronary artery diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and pregnancy disorders.