Regulation of Gene Expression by m6Am RNA Modification

The field of RNA modification, also referred to as epitranscriptomics, is gaining more and more interest from the scientific community. More than 160 chemical modifications have been identified in RNA molecules, but the functional significance of most of them still needs to be clarified. In this review, we discuss the role of N-6,2 '-O-dimethyladenosine (m(6)A(m)) in gene expression regulation. m(6)A(m) is present in the first transcribed nucleotide close to the cap in many mRNAs and snRNAs in mammals and as internal modification in the snRNA U2. The writer and eraser proteins for these modifications have been recently identified and their deletions have been utilized to understand their contributions in gene expression regulation. While the role of U2 snRNA-m(6)A(m) in splicing regulation has been reported by different independent studies, conflicting data were found for the role of cap-associated m(6)A(m) in mRNA stability and translation. However, despite the open debate on the role of m(6)A(m) in mRNA expression, the modulation of regulators produced promising results in cancer cells. We believe that the investigation on m(6)A(m) will continue to yield relevant results in the future.

Automated summary

The field of RNA modification, known as epitranscriptomics, is attracting more attention from scientists. Over 160 chemical modifications have been found in RNA molecules, but their functions are still unclear. This review focuses on the role of N-6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m(6)A(m)) in gene expression regulation. While the role of m(6)A(m) in splicing regulation has been supported by studies, conflicting data exist regarding its role in mRNA stability and translation. Nonetheless, promising results have been obtained by modulating regulators in cancer cells. Further investigation on m(6)A(m) is expected to yield significant findings.