Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Bioactive Peptides in Human Bone Cells from Tortoiseshell and Deer Antler Gelatin

Review Integrative & Complementary Medicine

The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine Guilu Erxian Jiao in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jian-An Liao et al.

Summary: Guilu Erxian Jiao (GEJ) may have positive effects on overall efficacy in treating knee osteoarthritis (OA), but there is insufficient evidence regarding pain score, Lequesne score, and knee joint function score.

COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (2022)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Nutritional and health factors affecting the bioavailability of calcium: a narrative review

Natalia Wawrzyniak et al.

Summary: This review article discusses the factors affecting calcium bioavailability, including physiological conditions, diseases, hormones, growth factors, intestinal microbiota, etc. Adequate calcium intake can increase bone protection and prevent osteoporosis.

NUTRITION REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of K+ and Ca2+-Permeable Channels in Osteoblast Functions

Hiroaki Kito et al.

Summary: Osteoblasts are crucial in bone modeling and remodeling, with their differentiation being regulated by various signaling pathways. Proper bone homeostasis depends on the differentiation and function of osteoblast lineage cells. Ca2+ signaling controls many processes in osteoblast lineage cells, and K+ channel activation indirectly influences Ca2+ signaling.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Physiology

TGF-Beta Receptor II Is Critical for Osteogenic Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation During Postnatal Alveolar Bone Formation

Chunmei Xu et al.

Summary: TGF beta signaling plays critical roles in early alveolar bone formation by promoting proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament mesenchymal progenitor cells, impacting the formation and function of periodontal ligament. Early conditional deletion of Tgf beta r2 resulted in significant reduction in alveolar bone mass and mineral density, along with drastic defects in periodontal ligament, while late conditional deletion showed minor changes in alveolar bone.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis

Wilson Cheuk Wing Chan et al.

Summary: Bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to environmental changes such as nutrition and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis is maintained through bone remodeling in adulthood, which involves a controlled balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. During embryonic development, bones can form through intramembraneous or endochondral ossification.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate: Is There Any Scientific Evidence for Their Effectiveness as Disease-Modifying Drugs in Knee Osteoarthritis Preclinical Studies?-A Systematic Review from 2000 to 2021

Silvia Fernandez-Martin et al.

Summary: The use of nutraceuticals in the treatment of osteoarthritis remains controversial, with some studies showing positive effects under pre-emptive administrations and certain therapy combinations. However, more long-term and systematically designed studies are needed to verify these findings.

ANIMALS (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Review of Kyotorphin Research: A Mysterious Opioid Analgesic Dipeptide and Its Molecular, Physiological, and Pharmacological Characteristics

Hiroshi Ueda

Summary: Kyotorphin, an opioid analgesic dipeptide, is physiologically significant as a neuromodulating peptide and has pharmacological applications. Through specific synthetases and proteases, it is unevenly distributed in the brain, localized subcellularly, and can be released in a calcium-dependent manner. Kyotorphin activates a specific G protein-coupled receptor, resulting in the release of Met-enkephalin. Future research could explore the development of function-added derivatives for potential therapeutic benefits in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, inflammation, and chronic pain.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods