Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Bioactive Peptides in Human Bone Cells from Tortoiseshell and Deer Antler Gelatin

Tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin has been used to treat bone diseases in Chinese society. A pepsin-digested gelatin peptide with osteoblast-proliferation-stimulating properties was identified via LC-MS/MS. The resulting pentapeptide, TSKYR, was presumably subjected to further degradation into TSKY, TSK, and YR fragments in the small intestine. The above four peptides were chemically synthesized. Treatment of tripeptide TSK can lead to a significant 30- and 50-fold increase in the mineralized nodule area and density in osteoblast cells and a 47.5% increase in the number of chondrocyte cells. The calcium content in tortoiseshell was relatively higher than in human soft tissue. The synergistic effects of calcium ions and the peptides were observed for changes in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, these peptides can enhance the expression of RUNX2, OCN, FGFR2, and FRFR3 genes in osteoblasts, and aggrecan and collagen type II in chondrocyte (patent pending).

Automated summary

Tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin have been used in Chinese medicine to treat bone diseases. A gelatin peptide, TSKYR, has been identified with osteoblast-proliferation-stimulating properties. The peptide TSK has shown significant increases in mineralized nodule area and density in osteoblast cells, as well as an increase in chondrocyte cell number. The synergistic effects of calcium ions and the peptides have been observed in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.