Existing and Novel Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

The treatment of bone defects remains one of the major challenges in modern clinical practice. Nowadays, with the increased incidence of bone disease in an aging population, the demand for materials to repair bone defects continues to grow. Recent advances in the development of biomaterials offer new possibilities for exploring modern bone tissue engineering strategies. Both natural and synthetic biomaterials have been used for tissue repair. A variety of porous structures that promote cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation enable better implant integration with increasingly better physical properties. The selection of a suitable biomaterial on which the patient's new tissue will grow is one of the key issues when designing a modern tissue scaffold and planning the entire treatment process. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive literature review of existing and novel biomaterials used in the surgical treatment of bone tissue defects. The materials described are divided into three groups-organic, inorganic, and synthetic polymers-taking into account current trends. This review highlights different types of existing and novel natural and synthetic materials used in bone tissue engineering and their advantages and disadvantages for bone defects regeneration.

Automated summary

The treatment of bone defects is a major challenge in modern clinical practice due to the increased incidence of bone disease. Biomaterials play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering and their selection is a key issue in designing tissue scaffolds for patient-specific regeneration. This article provides a comprehensive literature review of existing and novel biomaterials, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages for bone defect regeneration. The materials are categorized into organic, inorganic, and synthetic polymers, considering current trends in the field.