Journal
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA
Volume 30, Issue 7, Pages E236-E241Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000571
Keywords
ankle; fracture; trauma; operative; functional outcome; radiographic outcome; long-term follow-up; posttraumatic arthritis
Categories
Funding
- Orthopaedic Trauma Association
- OMEGA
- OTA
- OREF
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Objectives: To evaluate long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgical fixation of unstable ankle fractures. Design: Prospective follow-up study. Setting: Academic medical center with 2 Level-I trauma centers and a tertiary care center. Patients: One hundred forty-one patients who underwent surgical repair of an unstable ankle fracture. Intervention: Open reduction internal fixation of an unstable ankle fracture. Main Outcome Measurements: Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores and radiographic outcomes based on the van Dijk criteria at a mean of 11.6 years follow-up. Results: Of the 281 patients meeting the inclusion criteria for this study, follow-up data were obtained from 141 patients (50%), at a mean of 11.6 years after surgery. Overall, mean long-term SMFA scores were improved when compared with scores at 1 year. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2 was found to be a significant predictor of recovery based on SMFA scores. Sixty-three percent of follow-up radiographs demonstrated evidence of radiographic arthritis, including 31% with mild osteoarthritis, 22% with moderate osteoarthritis, and 10% with severe osteoarthritis. Fracture dislocation at injury was found to be a significant predictor of radiographic posttraumatic osteoarthritis at latest follow-up. One patient (0.7%) underwent a tibiotalar fusion secondary to symptomatic posttraumatic arthrosis. One patient (0.7%) underwent total ankle replacement due to severe osteoarthritis. Conclusions: Our data indicate that over a decade after ankle fracture fixation, most of the patients are doing well. Despite the presence of radiographic arthritis in 63% of patients, few experience pain or have restrictions in function, and mean long-term functional outcome scores are improved when compared with scores at 1 year. Patients undergoing operative fixation of unstable ankle fractures can anticipate functional outcomes that are maintained over time.
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