Comparative transcriptional analysis of metabolic pathways and mechanisms regulating essential oil biosynthesis in four elite Cymbopogon spp.

Cymbopogon is an important aromatic and medicinal grass with several species of ethnopharmaceutical impor-tance. The genus is extremely rich in secondary metabolites, monoterpenes like geraniol and citral being prin-cipal constituents, also used as biomarker for classification and identification of Cymbopogon chemotypes. In the light of this, present study involved RNA sequencing and comparison of expression profiles of four contrasting Cymbopogon species namely C. flexuosus var. Chirharit (citral rich and frost resistant), C. martinii var. PRC-1 (geraniol rich), C. pendulus var. Praman (the most stable and citral-rich genotype), and Jamrosa (a hybrid of C. nardus var. confertiflorus x C. jwarancusa (rich in geraniol and geranyl acetate). The transcriptome profiles revealed marked differences in gene expression patterns of 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of terpenoid metabolic pathways between the four Cymbopogon sp. The major DEGs were Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases (CCD), Aspartate aminotransferase (ASP amino), Mevalonate E-4 hydroxy, AKR, GGPS, FDPS, and AAT. In addition, few TFs related to different regulatory pathways were also identified. The gene expression profiles of DEGs were correlated to the EO yield and their monoterpene compositions. Overall, the PRC-1 (C. martinii) shows distinguished gene expression profiles from all other genotypes. Thus, the transcriptome sequence database expanded our understanding of terpenoid metabolism and its molecular regulation in Cymbopogon species. Additionally, this data also serves as an important source of knowledge for enhancing oil yield and quality in Cymbopogon and closely related taxa.Key message: Unfolding the new secretes surrounding EO biosynthesis and regulation in four contrasting Cym-bopogon species.

Automated summary

This study found marked differences in the gene expression patterns of four contrasting Cymbopogon species, which are related to terpenoid metabolism and can be used for classification and identification of Cymbopogon genotypes. The results have important implications for improving the essential oil yield and quality in Cymbopogon.