Synergistic antimicrobial effect of the combination of beta-lactam antibiotics and chitosan derivative on multidrug-resistant bacteria

Dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria with CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (bla(CTX-M)) has become the greatest challenge in public health care. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic antibacterial potential of N-alkylaminated chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) combined with conventional beta-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) against multidrug-resistant pathogen with bla(CTX-M) gene. The results of this study showed that the developed nano-formulation resensitized the studied E. coli MDR strain (E001) to ampicillin (AMP) and piperacillin (PIP) by causing a 1000-10,000-fold decrease in their MIC values (5000-50,000 mg/L to 5 mg/L). The conjugation of CNPs with cefoxitin (FOX) and ceftazidime (CAZ) showed a comparatively lower synergistic inhibitory effect owing to the higher susceptibility (MIC value = 0.5 mg/L-5 mg/L) of E001 to these antibiotics. The results indicate that CNPs could be effectively employed as an additive to augment the antibacterial effect of the BLAs for which MDR strains exhibit higher MIC values.

Automated summary

This study found that the combination of N-alkylaminated chitosan nanoparticles and conventional beta-lactam antibiotics has synergistic antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens, and can effectively decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotics.