Use of Melatonin/Decorticotomy and Autogenous Bone Graft in Induced 1-Wall Defect

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of intramarrow penetration (IMP) and 1% melatonin (MLN) gel on the remodelling process of autogenous bone graft (ABG) in an induced 1-osseous wall defect model.Methods: Sixty-four intrabony induced mandibular defects were created on the distal side of premolars-P1, P2, P3, and P4 (on each side)-in 8 beagle dogs. A ligature-induced periodontitis was initiated in each defect. Defects were then divided into 4 equal groups. Group I was treated with open-flap debridement (OFD) alone, group II was treated with OFD/ABG, group III was treated with OFD/IMP/ABG, and group IV was treated with OFD/ABG/IMP/1% MLN gel. The study parameters were bone fill, histologic analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression at 2-week (2W) and 8week (8W) time intervals.Results: At 8W, significant differences were revealed amongst all groups regarding the amount of bone fill and eNOS expressions (P < .001). Bone fill percentages were 55.5%, 22.3%, 16.8%, and 0% in groups IV, III, II, and I, respectively. eNOS expressions were 1.68 & PLUSMN; 0.06, 8.43 & PLUSMN; 0.04, 16.80 & PLUSMN; 0.17, and 1.97 & PLUSMN; 0.07 in groups IV, III, II, and I, respectively. The favourable results were in line with group IV. Conclusions: According to these preliminary results, defects treated by ABG augmented with IMP and 1% MLN gel revealed a greater amount of bone fill and reduced eNOS expression. This combination is therefore highly suggested as an adjunct to ABG.& COPY; 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of FDI World Dental Federation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Automated summary

The study investigated the effect of intramarrow penetration (IMP) and 1% melatonin (MLN) gel on the remodelling process of autogenous bone graft (ABG) in an induced 1-osseous wall defect model. The results showed that using IMP and 1% MLN gel as adjuncts to ABG can increase bone fill and reduce endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression.