Journal
INDOOR AIR
Volume 32, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ina.13174
Keywords
3-D printer emissions; allergic rhinitis; diffusing capacity of the lung; exposures study; nanoparticles; nasal allergen response
Categories
Funding
- FoFoLe program of the Medical Faculty of the Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) [1058/1041]
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen
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The study found that emissions from 3-D printers made of different materials had similar effects on patients with allergic rhinitis, causing slight impacts on lung diffusing capacity. Concentrations of certain inflammatory factors slightly decreased after exposure to ABS emissions, while slightly increased after exposure to PLA emissions.
3-D printers are widely used. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that their emissions could enhance allergen responsiveness and reduce lung diffusing capacity. Using a cross-over design, 28 young subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis were exposed to 3-D printer emissions, either from polylactic acid (PLA) or from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), for 2 h each. Ninety minutes later, nasal allergen challenges were performed, with secretions sampled after 1.5 h. Besides nasal functional and inflammatory responses, assessments included diffusing capacity. There was also an inclusion day without exposure. The exposures elicited slight reductions in lung diffusing capacity for inhaled nitric oxide (DLNO) that were similar for PLA and ABS. Rhinomanometry showed the same allergen responses after both exposures. In nasal secretions, concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor were slightly reduced after ABS exposure versus inclusion day, while that of interleukin 5 was slightly increased after PLA exposure versus inclusion.
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