Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Volume 28, Issue 12, Pages 5006-5025Publisher
IEEE COMPUTER SOC
DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2021.3075136
Keywords
Faces; Measurement; Robustness; Geometry; Transforms; Systematics; Standards; 3-D; polygonal mesh; information hiding; steganography; steganalysis; survey; review
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [62002334, 62072421]
- Anhui Science Foundation of China [2008085QF296]
- Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies [AHY150400]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2100000018]
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This article provides a systematic survey of the literature on 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis, proposing a new taxonomy for steganographic algorithms and discussing the history and current level of technical developments. Furthermore, it highlights promising future research directions and challenges in improving the performance of 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis.
Three-dimensional (3-D) meshes are commonly used to represent virtual surfaces and volumes. Over the past decade, 3-D meshes have emerged in industrial, medical, and entertainment applications, being of large practical significance for 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis. In this article, we provide a systematic survey of the literature on 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis. Compared with an earlier survey (Girdhar et al., 2017), we propose a new taxonomy of steganographic algorithms with four categories: 1) two-state domain, 2) LSB domain, 3) permutation domain, and 4) transform domain. Regarding steganalysis algorithms, we divide them into two categories: 1) universal steganalysis and 2) specific steganalysis. For each category, the history of technical developments and the current technological level are introduced and discussed. Finally, we highlight some promising future research directions and challenges in improving the performance of 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis.
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