Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL
Volume 69, Issue 12, Pages 3224-3231Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2022.3220568
Keywords
High-frequency ultrasound; retina degeneration; retina prosthesis; ultrasound stimulation; visual prosthesis
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01EY026091, R01EY028662, R01EY030126, NIH P30EY029220]
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- Alfred E. Mann Innovation in Engineering Doctoral Fellowship
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Ultrasound neuromodulation is an emerging technology that has shown promise in activating healthy and degenerated retinas. This review article summarizes pilot studies on ultrasound retinal stimulation, compares it with other neuromodulation technologies, and discusses the advantages and limitations of using high-frequency ultrasound for developing a noninvasive retinal prosthesis. Opportunities and challenges in this field are also highlighted.
Ultrasound neuromodulation is an emerging technology. A significant amount of effort has been devoted to investigating the feasibility of noninvasive ultrasound retinal stimulation. Recent studies have shown that ultrasound can activate neurons in healthy and degenerated retinas. Specifically, high-frequency ultrasound can evoke localized neuron responses and generate patterns in visual circuits. In this review, we recapitulate pilot studies on ultrasound retinal stimulation, compare it with other neuromodulation technologies, and discuss its advantages and limitations. An overview of the opportunities and challenges to develop a noninvasive retinal prosthesis using high-frequency ultrasound is also provided.
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