From 2+2 to 8+8 Condensation Products of Diamine and Dialdehyde: Giant Container-Shaped Macrocycles for Multiple Anion Binding

The combination of 2,6-diformylpyridine and trans-1,2-diaminocyclopentane fragments results in 2 + 2, 3 + 3, 4 + 4, 6 + 6, and 8 + 8 macrocyclic imine condensation products. These imines can be reduced to the corresponding 2 + 2, 3 + 3, 4 + 4, 6 + 6, and 8 + 8 macrocyclic amines. The X-ray crystal structures of their protonated derivatives show a rich variety of macrocycle conformations ranging from a stepped 2 + 2 macrocycle to a multiply folded 8 + 8 macrocycle of globular shape. These compounds bind anions via hydrogen bonds: two chloride anions are bound above and below the macrocyclic ring of the 2 + 2 amine, one chloride anion is bound approximately in the center of the 3 + 3 macrocycle, and two chloride anions are deeply buried inside a folded container-shaped 4 + 4 macrocycle, while in the case of the previously reported 6 + 6 amine four chloride anions and two solvent molecules are buried inside a container-shaped macrocycle. Yet another situation was observed for a multiply folded protonated 8 + 8 macrocycle which binds six sulfate anions; two of them are deeply buried inside the container structure while four anions interact with the clefts at the surface of the container.