Fault Detection and Localization in Active Distribution Networks Using Optimally Placed Phasor Measurements Units

This paper introduces an algorithm able to detect and localize the occurrence of a fault in an Active Distribution Network, using the measurements collected by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). First, a basic algorithm that works under the assumption that all grid buses are equipped with a PMU is designed. Then, formal observability conditions that allow detection and localization with a reduced number of PMUs are provided. Based on these conditions, the algorithm is extended to perform correctly when not all network buses are monitored. Moreover, an Optimal Positioning Algorithm, always based on the observability conditions, is designed. This algorithm allows the user to customize the fault localization resolution. The approach is validated through simulations carried out on a benchmark active distribution network.

Automated summary

This paper introduces an algorithm that uses measurements collected by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to detect and localize faults in Active Distribution Networks. The algorithm is designed to work when all grid buses are equipped with a PMU, and it can also work with a reduced number of PMUs based on formal observability conditions. An Optimal Positioning Algorithm is also designed to allow customization of fault localization resolution. The approach is validated through simulations on a benchmark active distribution network.