Journal
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
Volume 46, Issue 3, Pages 601-619Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01145-2
Keywords
Long COVID; Hypertension; Cardiovascular disease; Kidney; Endocrine; Frailty; Sex difference
Categories
Ask authors/readers for more resources
COVID-19 can result in long-term symptoms, known as long COVID, which may have an impact on hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This article summarizes the potential effects of long COVID on hypertension and related organs, and discusses the influence of age and sex on long COVID. Lastly, it explores areas of uncertainty and future directions for improved understanding and prognosis of clinical problems associated with COVID-19.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects infected patients even after the acute phase and impairs their health and quality of life by causing a wide variety of symptoms, referred to as long COVID. Although the evidence is still insufficient, hypertension is suspected to be a potential risk factor for long COVID, and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases seems to be a key facet of multiple conditions observed in long COVID. Nonetheless, there are few reports that comprehensively review the impacts of long COVID on hypertension and related disorders. As a sequel to our previous report in 2020 which reviewed the association of COVID-19 and hypertension, we summarize the possible influences of long COVID on hypertension-related organs, including the cardiovascular system, kidney, and endocrine system, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the disorders in this review. Given that the clinical course of COVID-19 is highly affected by age and sex, we also review the impacts of these factors on long COVID. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future directions, which may lead to better understanding and improved prognosis of clinical problems associated with COVID-19.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available