A label-free PEC aptasensor platform based on g-C3N4/BiVO4 heterojunction for tetracycline detection in food analysis

A simple low-cost label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing platform based on red blood cell shaped BiVO4 modified g-C3N4 was designed for tetracycline detection under room temperature. The prepared g-C3N4/ BiVO4 heterojunction not only demonstrated a high surface area, excellent physicochemical stability and favorable PEC activity, but also can be employed as nanostructure support for aptamers to construct a visible -light-driven PEC aptasensor due to rich 7C-7C accumulation sites. More importantly, the proposed PEC apta-sensor showed a favorable linear toward tetracycline in the range from 5 x 10-9 to 2 x 10-7 M with a detection limit of 1.6 nM, which well covered the Food Standards Testing requirements. Practical food sample analysis further revealed the accuracy and feasibility of the g-C3N4/BiVO4 heterostructure based PEC platform. It is ex-pected that such a label-free and cost-effective PEC strategy should act as a promising candidate for tetracycline determination in food quality control and supervision.

Automated summary

A simple, low-cost label-free photoelectrochemical biosensing platform based on red blood cell shaped BiVO4 modified g-C3N4 was designed and demonstrated for tetracycline detection. The prepared g-C3N4/BiVO4 heterojunction showed high surface area, excellent stability, and favorable PEC activity. It also served as a nanostructure support for aptamers to construct a visible-light-driven PEC aptasensor. The proposed PEC aptasensor exhibited a favorable linear response to tetracycline and met the detection requirements of food standards. Practical food sample analysis confirmed the accuracy and feasibility of the g-C3N4/BiVO4 heterostructure based PEC platform. This label-free and cost-effective PEC strategy holds great promise for tetracycline determination in food quality control and supervision.